New Frontiers in Respiratory Control XIth Annual Oxford Conference o
Breathing is performed by the rhythmic contraction of respiratory muscles. It ma- tains homeostasis of the organism by taking in the oxygen necessary to live and work and by controlling the level of CO within the organism. At first glance, breathing 2 see
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Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science ABEL LAJTHA, N.S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research JOHN D. LAMBRIS, University of Pennsylvania RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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Ikuo Homma · Hiroshi Onimaru · Yoshinosuke Fukuchi Editors
New Frontiers in Respiratory Control XIth Annual Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing
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Editors Ikuo Homma Department of Physiology Showa University School of Medicine 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8555, Japan [email protected]
Hiroshi Onimaru Department of Physiology Showa University School of Medicine 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8555, Japan [email protected]
Yoshinosuke Fukuchi Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8421, Japan [email protected]
ISSN 0065-2598 ISBN 978-1-4419-5691-0 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-5692-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009942993 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Breathing is performed by the rhythmic contraction of respiratory muscles. It maintains homeostasis of the organism by taking in the oxygen necessary to live and work and by controlling the level of CO2 within the organism. At first glance, breathing seems simple; however, it is produced by a complex system in the brain with various afferents and efferents. The control of breathing is of the utmost importance in sustaining life, and although more than 150 years have passed since research on breathing control was first begun, many unsolved mysteries still remain. Breathing is like watching the tides at a beach that are created by the vast, complex open sea. The first Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing was held 30 years ago in September of 1978 at the University Laboratory of Physiology in Oxford, England. During this first conference, the participants engaged in a hot discussion on the problem of whether breathing rhythm was produced by pacemaker cells or a neural network. This was before the discovery of the
