New insights on the classification of major Amazonian river water types
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(2020) 6:83
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
New insights on the classification of major Amazonian river water types Eduardo Antonio Ríos‑Villamizar1,2,3 · J. Marion Adeney4,5 · Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade1 · Wolfgang Johannes Junk6 Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Traditional water classifications for Amazonian rivers are based mainly on optical characteristics that do not fully capture their complexity. Today, an increasing amount of hydrochemical data indicates that the chemical composition of Amazonian rivers varies much more than this simple classification indicates. Revising river classification based on hydrochemical properties is proposed here. In this first comprehensive review of Amazonian river chemistry, we synthesized critical information from 168 scientific publications and distinguish unusual white, black, and clearwater rivers. It is shown the distribution of such rivers across the basin and the limitations of using generalized designations for river typologies. For example, some optically clearwater rivers draining carboniferous stripes have chemical properties similar to whitewater rivers, regardless of their high transparency. Furthermore, a clear or blackwater stream that becomes turbid because of soil erosion does not become a whitewater stream. Its hydrochemical parameters of acidity and nutrient poverty depend on the geology of the catchment area and remain relatively unaffected. These insights into Amazonian river classification provide a new understanding of their baseline limnological conditions. They have implications for sustainable management of freshwater systems and for monitoring potential impacts of large development projects and climate change on the Amazonian aquatic systems. Keywords Amazon region · River and landscape ecology · Limnology · Water chemistry · River typology
Introduction Chemical composition of waters provides important parameters for understanding some specific ecological properties (e.g., fish richness and soil fertility) and biogeochemical cycles of Amazonian river systems (Junk et al. 2011). The Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00440-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Eduardo Antonio Ríos‑Villamizar [email protected] 1
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MAUA Working Group, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Campus I, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, Petrópolis, Caixa Postal 478, Manaus, Amazonas CEP: 69067‑375, Brazil National Institute of Amazonian Research, INPA/MCTIC, Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazônia—LBA, Coordenação de Pesquisas Hidrológicas—CPH, Grupo de Hidrobiogeoquímica, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, Campus II, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69067‑375, Brazil
water chemistry is relevant for the establishment of water typology and best management options for each river. The first scientific classification of major Amazonian rivers was elaborated in the 1950s by Sioli (Sio
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