NiCo 2 O 4 functionalized with rGO catalyst as an active layer for ammonia sensing
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ORIGINAL PAPER
NiCo2O4 functionalized with rGO catalyst as an active layer for ammonia sensing G. Marimuthu 1 & G. Palanisamy 1 & T. Pazhanivel 1 & G. Bharathi 2 & K. P. Tiruppathi 3 & D. Nataraj 3 Received: 26 November 2019 / Revised: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 25 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Spinel NiCo2O4 material has received considerable attention as an excellent gas sensing material. In this study, we report facile and hydrothermal method synthesis for preparing mesoporous NiCo2O4 and its composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by wet impregnation method. The as-prepared samples were subjected to structural and morphological investigations. The constructed NiCo2O4-rGO composite gas sensor shows superior NH3 gas sensing performance at room temperature and the response for 100 ppm NH3 is 1.068 at room temperature. Moreover, this sensor shows better gas sensing performances with fast response times, recovery times, and good repeatability for a test period of 10 cycles along with high selectivity for NH3 gas sensor. Thus, NiCo2O4-rGO composite may be used as an efficient NH3 gas sensor. The sensing mechanism of the NiCo2O4-rGO composite sensors has also been proposed in this paper. Keywords NiCo2O4-rGO . Nanocomposite . Ammonia . Chemoresistive sensor
Introduction Chemoresistive sensor based on metal oxides has been attracted for ammonia gas (NH3) [1]. NH3 can be indoor air pollutants which are widely used in various industries such as food industry, chemical plant, agriculture, chemical industry, and environmental monitoring [2–4]. The toxic gas (NH3) exposure can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, nose, mouth, and lungs [2, 5]. The acute exposure to high concentrations of ammonia causes headache, vomiting, dyspnea, pneumonedema, and even death. According to the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) directed, the ammonia in the work place is limited to 50 ppm [6] .Consequently, the essential need of reliable * T. Pazhanivel [email protected] 1
Smart Materials Interface Laboratory, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636 011, India
2
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, People’s Republic of China
3
Low Dimensional Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 046, India
and real ammonia gas sensor is urgent [1]. Therefore, it was very important to develop an ammonia sensor with fast response time, high selectivity, low power, and low detection limit, cost at room temperature for practical applications. Due to its multifunctional characteristics, spinel-type materials, having a general formula of AB2O4, have shown great promise in supercapacitor applications [7], gas sensing [8], and lithium-ion batteries [9]. Recently, the spinel-structured materials have been used for the design of gas sensing material with improved sensing re
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