Sonochemical synthesis of NiCo 2 O 4 /NRGO nanocomposite as a cathodic material for the electrochemical capacitor applic
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Sonochemical synthesis of NiCo2O4/NRGO nanocomposite as a cathodic material for the electrochemical capacitor application Shahed Hassanpoor1 · Farzaneh Aghely1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract In this work, a novel nanocomposite consisting of NiCo2O4/N-doped reduced graphene oxide was prepared. In the first step, ultrafine NiCo2O4 nanoparticles (4.4 nm) were synthesized by the sonochemical method. In the second step, graphene oxide was synthesized by modified Hummer methods and then reduced and N-doped (NRGO) by a chemical method using a mixture of hydrazine and ammonia solution. N iCo2O4/NRGO nanocomposite was produced using the dispersion of NRGO nanosheets and NiCo2O4 nanoparticles under ultrasonic radiation for 30 min. The structure, morphology, and composition of various samples were investigated using an adequate analytical characterization method. Electrochemical tests such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge studies were done in a three-electrode system with 1.0 M Na2SO4 solution as the electrolyte for supercapacitive study of the samples. The results confirmed the excellent supercapacitive behavior of the nanocomposite and good stability during the charge–discharge cycle. The specific capacitance for the nanocomposite was calculated using a galvanostatic charge–discharge experiment which 618 F.g−1 in current density of 4.0 A.g−1. Keywords Sonochemical · NiCo2O4 · Nanocomposite · Supercapacitor
Introduction Increasing demand for high-efficiency, renewable energy sources has led to many studies of modern electrode materials for energy storage in devices such as batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) [1]. The modification of the electrodes with nanomaterials in supercapacitors has resulted in much higher surface areas, much thinner dielectrics that decrease the distance between the electrodes, and easy mass transport of electrolyte ions in the electrochemical process [2]. The major advantage of supercapacitors is their higher power densities than batteries and conventional dielectric capacitors. The efficiency of supercapacitors is strongly dependent on the materials used in the preparation of the electrodes. So a lot of research has been done in this area, and it is still going on. Some of the metal oxide electrode materials used in supercapacitors are RuO2, MnO2, NiO, Ni(OH)2, Fe3O4, Co(OH)2, Co3O4 [3]. Among these, metal * Shahed Hassanpoor [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
oxides appear to be attractive in terms of its high theoretical capacity, low toxicity, natural abundance, and environment friendliness [4]. The three main categories of supercapacitors are electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC), pseudocapacitor, and hybrid type. The mechanism of EDLCs is the separation of the electrostatic charge from the electrolyte on the electrode surface. In contrast, the mechanism in
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