Nitric oxide mitigates salt-induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea seedlings by regulating ROS metabolism and antio
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nitric oxide mitigates salt‑induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea seedlings by regulating ROS metabolism and antioxidant defense system Khushboo Khator1 · G. S. Shekhawat1 Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The present investigation was designed to determine the interaction of nitric oxide with other antioxidants in relieving oxidative stress induced by NaCl at morphological, physiological and molecular level. 15 days old seedlings of B. juncea were subjected to 50 mM NaCl alone, 100 μM SNP alone and in combination (SNP + NaCl) in hoagland growth medium for 96 h and to analyze the cellular homeostasis and salt tolerance mechanism via examining growth, stress parameters, enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants and expression level of NR. Exposure of 100 μM sodium nitroprusside to mustard seedling enhanced photosynthetic pigment content and prevented plant growth inhibition. Accumulation of MDA and H2O2 was more pronounced in individual NaCl treated seedling than in the combination of NaCl and SNP. Applying SNP enhanced NR activity by 1.70 folds and increased NO production by 2.26 folds than individual salt treated roots. Furthermore, the activities of CAT, GPX and NR act synergistically with endogenous NO level whereas APX work antagonistically. In addition, the study also demonstrates that NO regulated NaCl induced transcriptional expression of NR. Induction of BjNR in Indian mustard roots lead to enhanced the plant resistance against salinity stress. The present finding revealed that NO confers increased B. juncea tolerance to salt stress by stimulation of antioxidants and reestablishment of cellular redox status. Keywords Salt stress · Nitric oxide · Nitrate reductase · Brassica juncea · Antioxidant defense system
Introduction Increasing salinization of soil and water is a global concern which affects the agricultural production worldwide. This problem becomes greater in the region with dry climate, infrequent rainfall and extreme temperature leading to high evapotranspiration rate (Hasanuzzaman et al. 2018; Khator et al. 2019; Mahawar and Shekhawat 2019). All of these characteristics are common in arid and semiarid regions of India. In fact, the United Nation Environment Program estimated that approx 20% of irrigated agriculture land in the world is affected by soil salinity (Hasanuzzaman et al. 2018). Salinity stress influences various physiological and metabolic pathways of the plant which mainly depends on concentration and duration of stress that eventually leads to * G. S. Shekhawat [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
a diminution in crop production (Verma et al. 2015; Khator and Shekhawat 2019; Khator et al. 2020). In plant soil, NaCl is the most prevalent and soluble salt and its elevated concentration incite two principal effects on plant; osmotic stress and ion toxicity. During the preliminary stage of salinity stre
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