NMR Methods for the Investigation of Structure and Transport
Methods of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are increasingly applied in engineering sciences. The book summarizes research in the field of chemical and process engineering performed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Fundamentals of the metho
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Edme H. Hardy
NMR Methods for the Investigation of Structure and Transport
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Dr. Edme H. Hardy Karlsruher Institut f¨ur Technologie (KIT) Institut f¨ur Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik Adenauerring 20b 76131 Karlsruhe Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-21627-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-21628-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21628-2 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938145 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon with many applications in medicine, science, and engineering. As the electronics and computer technology advances, the NMR instrumentation benefits, and along with it, the NMR methods for acquiring information expand as well as the areas of application. Originally physicists aimed at determining the gyro-magnetic ratio. As the magnetic fields could be made more homogeneous, line splittings were observed and found to be useful for determining molecular structures. The advent of computers led to a dramatic sensitivity gain by measuring in the time domain and computing the spectra by Fourier transformation of the measured data. This subsequently evolved into multidimensional NMR and NMR imaging, where the demands on computing power and advanced electronics are even more stringent. Superconducting magnets are being engineered at ever-increasing field strength to improve the detection sensitivity and information content in NMR spectra. Molecular biology and medicine were revolutionized by the advent of multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and NMR imaging. Apart from chemical analysis and medical diagnostics, NMR turns out to be a great tool for studying soft matter, porous media, and similar objects. With the appropriate methods, spectra can be measured at high resolution, images be obtained with an abundance of contrast features, and relaxation signals be exploited to study fluid-filled porous media and devices. With NMR being so well established in chemistry and medicine, one may ask which is the next most important use of NMR. Probably this is in t
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