In vivo NMR Imaging Methods and Protocols
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging represents a technique that is indispensable in every day biomedical diagnostics. Thanks to the numerous ways to manipulate and detect an NMR signal, it is possible to obtain a variety of information with excellent spati
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IN
M OLECULAR B IOLOGY TM
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
In Vivo NMR Imaging Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Leif Schröder ERC Project Biosensor Imaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
Cornelius Faber Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
Editors Leif Schröder ERC Project Biosensor Imaging Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie Berlin, 13125, Germany
Cornelius Faber AG Experimentelle Magnetische Kernresonanz Institut für Klinische Radiologie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Münster, 48149, Germany
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-218-2 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-219-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-219-9 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934742 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface The history of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a unique success story of translating basic research from the fields of Physics and Chemistry into applied life sciences. The 1952 Nobel laureate Edward Purcell somehow anticipated the incomparable potential of NMR when stating “I am sure we have only begun to explore the domain of very weak interactions – the ‘audio spectrum’ of molecules, if I may call it that.” Several Nobel Prizes followed for related research and the latest one in 2003 acknowledges a technique that is today indispensable in everyday biomedical diagnostics: nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, also known as MRI in clinical context to avoid misleading connotations to nuclear science. From the perspective of traditional (optical) imaging it may appear unusual that electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of one meter
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