N.N.: Seison + Acanthocephala
Sperm with “dense bodies”. Filament bundles in the epidermal syncytium. Epibiotic way of life with the following components. (a) Reduction of head ciliation. (b) Feeding by sucking with uptake of bacteria and (?) haemolymph from the body of the host organ
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VoLume III
Order in Nature - System Made by Man
AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN UND DER LITERATUR· MAINZ
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Peter Ax
Multicellular Animals Order in Nature - System Made by Man Volume III
With 110 Figures
Springer
Professor Dr. PETER Ax University of Göttingen Institute for Zoology and Anthropology Berliner Straße 28 37073 Göttingen, Germany Translated by Dr. RICHARD E. DUNMUR Ditzinger Straße 30 71254 Ditzingen, Germany
Original edition: Peter Ax. Das System der Metazoa III. Ein Lehrbuch der phylogenetischen Systematik. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Gustav Fischer, Heidelberg. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz 2001. ISBN 978-3-642-05515-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ax, Peter, 1927 - (System der Metazoa, English) Multicellular animals: Order in Nature-System Made by Man / Peter Ax. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-05515-7 ISBN 978-3-662-08874-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-08874-6
1. Metazoa. 2. Phylogeny. I. Title. QL 45.2A913 1996 591'.012-dc20 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must aiways be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelbetg GmbH. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Cover illustration. In front: Craegrus furcatus. Back: Gorgonocephalus eucnemis (Echinodermata). Typesetting: K+V Fotosatz, Beerfelden 31/3150Wi-5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
The turtle, toothless, soft bodied, enclosed in boney, shell, is primordial and invincible, slow and changeless. Locked into turtles of time and tradition, inertia and ignorance, darkness and fear, we cajole and pull, struggle and push until we learn that ideas set us free.
Fairbanks, Alaska University Campus Sculpture LIz
BIESOT
1985
The evolutionary order of organisms as a product of Nature and its representation in a phylogenetic system as a construct of Man are two different things. The order in Nature consists of relationships between organisms. It is the result of an historic process that we call phylogenesis. When working with this order we must clearly differe
