Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Acanthocephala) parasitizing freshwater fishes: paratenicity and an exception to the phyloge
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FISH PARASITOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Acanthocephala) parasitizing freshwater fishes: paratenicity and an exception to the phylogenetic conservatism of the genus? E. Levy 1 & M.A. Rossin 1
&
P.E. Braicovich 1 & J.T. Timi 1
Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Polymorphid acanthocephalans are parasites of marine mammals, waterfowl and ichthyophagous birds. Among these, the genus Profilicollis is known to use exclusively decapods as intermediate hosts. Here, we report the first record of living cystacanths of Profilicollis parasitizing the body cavity of a fish host, Oligosarcus jenynsii, inhabiting the freshwater section of an estuarial system, Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, in south-east Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. In this environment, cystacanths of Profilicollis chasmagnathi have been previously recorded infecting decapod crabs and as transient accidental infections in the gut of some carcinophagous fishes. In the present study, larvae from the crab Neohelice granulata, from the intestine of the estuarine fish Odontesthes argentinensis and from the body cavity of O. jenynsii were morphologically and genetically compared, confirming their identity as P. chasmagnathi, a species characteristic of estuaries and marine coasts along Argentina, Uruguay and Chile. These findings can be interpreted as a possible case of incipient paratenicity for Profilicollis, and a colonization event of freshwater habitats, probably promoted by the highly variable conditions, typical of ecotonal environments. In addition, cystacanths of the genus Polymorphus were also found in O. jenynsii, representing the first record of this genus in Oligosarcus from Argentina. Key words Profilicollis chasmagnathi . phylogenetic conservatism . paratenicity . freshwater colonization
Introduction Acanthocephalans of the family Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 are parasites of marine mammals, waterfowl and fish-eating birds (Schmidt and Hugghins 1973). At present, fifteen polymorphid genera are recognized worldwide (Amin 2013; Presswell et al. 2020), whose life cycles typically include crustaceans as intermediate hosts and, in some cases, fish as paratenic hosts (Schmidt 1985). Among them, Profilicollis Meyer, 1931 was considered as a subgenus of Polymorphus
Section Editor: Shokoofeh Shamsi * M.A. Rossin [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), (7600) Mar del Plata, 3350 Funes, Argentina
Lühe, 1911 for many decades, until Nickol et al. (1999) reinstated its generic status based on ecological evidences. These differences are mainly related to life cycle characteristics; indeed, whereas members of Polymorphus use amphipods as intermediate hosts, those of Profilicollis use decapods (Nickol et al. 1999, 2002). Amphipods were the
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