Non-Invasive Assessment of Affective States on Individual with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Review
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are identified as a group of people who have social interaction and communication impairment. They have difficulty in producing speech and explaining what they meant. They also suffer from emotional or cogni
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Abstract— Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are identified as a group of people who have social interaction and communication impairment. They have difficulty in producing speech and explaining what they meant. They also suffer from emotional or cognitive states requirement that stance challenges to their interest in communicating and socializing. Hence, it is vital to know their emotion to help them develop better skills in social interaction. Emotion can be derived from affective states and can be detected through physical reaction and physiological signals. There are numerous known modalities available to detect the affective states either through invasive and non-invasive methods. In order to evaluate the affective states of individuals with ASD, amongst the methods used are through electrodermal activity (EDA), electromyographic (EMG) activity, and cardiovascular activity (ECG) and blood flow analyses. Though considered non invasive, these methods require sensor to be patched on to the skin causing discomfort to the subjects and might distract their true emotion. We propose non-invasive methods which is also contactless to address the problem to detect emotion of individual with ASD that is through thermal imaging. Through the impact of cutaneous temperature in blood flow, thermal imprint is radiated and can be detected in this method. To date, no research has been reported of the use of thermal imaging analysis of facial skin temperature on the individuals with ASD. In this paper we will justify the method and also discuss the merits and demerits of other methods. Keywords— Autism, facial skin temperature, physiological signal, affective states, emotion.
I. INTRODUCTION Emotions are the reactions or response towards exterior stimuli. The emotions cause changes in the physiological signals, expressive behaviour and states of feeling. These parameters could be useful to identify the affective states. Theoretically, emotions are subset of affective states. It can be detected through physical reaction or physiological signals either in invasive or non-invasive methods. Recognition of human affective states from facial expression or speech for subjects with disabilities is actively going on. However, many challenges still occur when dealing with “uncooperative subjects” like autistic individuals. The autistic individuals have inability to recognize emotions in themselves or in the displays of others. They are also suffered
from disability to differentiate different emotions. Physiologically, emotions may change human attention, behaviour and trigger the processing area in brain resulted to elicits disparate biological system and physiological system for optimal affective response. Extracting physiological patterns corresponding to emotional states has its own drawbacks as there are also possibilities of person-stereotypy and also situation stereotypy. This consideration is very significant to autism that has difficulty in facial muscular movement. They might show the same facial expression for diff
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