Nonfunctional adrenal incidentalomas may be related to bisphenol-A
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Nonfunctional adrenal incidentalomas may be related to bisphenol-A Fatih Eker1 Askin Gungunes2 Senay Durmaz2 Ucler Kisa3 Zeynep Rumeysa Celik3 ●
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Received: 15 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may affect the hormones and their receptors. The aim of this study is to determine whether BPA has an effect on the development of nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI). Methods Fifty patients who were admitted to endocrinology outpatient clinics and diagnosed as NFAI were included in the study. Fifty healthy people without adrenal mass and adrenal pathology in the upper abdominal computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were also included as control group. Age, gender and body mass index of the study groups were similar. The serum samples for BPA were stored at −80 °C in refrigerator until working in the lab. Serum BPA levels were measured using ELISA technique. Results Mean serum BPA level was 7.06 ± 3.96 ng/ml in NFAI patients and 4.79 ± 3.01 ng/ml in control group. Serum BPA level was significantly higher in NFAI group than control group (p = 0.001). Serum BPA levels were also found to be significantly higher in women with NFAI than in men with NFAI (p = 0.019). Conclusions The mechanisms of NFAI development have not been clarified yet. Increased BPA exposure with developed industrialization may play a role in NFAI formation. For the reduction of BPA exposure, the use of plastic prepacked products, plastic containers, and safety measures are essential for public health. Keywords Adrenal incidentaloma Exposure Bisphenol-A Endocrine disrupter ●
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Introduction Endocrine disruptors are naturally occurring or man-made substances that can mimic or interfere with the endocrine system at certain doses [1]. Bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), has capable of binding to both estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) [2, 3]. BPA can generally be found in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, compact disc, thermal fax papers, paint, water, cola, fruit juice, milk bottles, plastic film covering the inner surface of beer cans and in
* Askin Gungunes [email protected] 1
Department of Internal Medicine, Çanakkale Yenice State Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Kirikkale University, School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Department of Biochemistry, Kirikkale University, School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey
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baby bottle [4]. In addition, plastic containers used for storing food and beverages, the inner surfaces of tin cans, dental fillings, toys, clothes, and even household dust are known to be places where BPA is detected [5]. Generally, the food products are considered the main source of BPA exposure. But, many studies have shown that BPA is transferred from polycarbonate baby bottles and reusable polycarbonate water bottles
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