Novel biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in lettuce
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Novel biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in lettuce F. Aggeli . I. Ziogas . D. Gkizi . G. A. Fragkogeorgi . S. E. Tjamos
Received: 23 September 2019 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 Ó International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) 2020
Abstract The soilborne fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani are among the most devastating pathogens for lettuce production. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an Arthrobacter and Blastobotrys strain, named FP15 and FP12, respectively, against S. sclerotiorum and R. solani in lettuce. The incorporation of strains FP12 and FP15 in the transplant substrate plug of lettuce resulted in reduced S. sclerotiorum and R. solani caused symptoms. Transcriptomic analysis performed on the pathogenesis related (PR) gene PR1, LIPOXYGENASE (LOX) and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1), marker genes of the salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) dependent defences, respectively, suggested the early triggering of the SA, ET and JA dependent defences and the constitutive triggering of the JA and JA/ET dependent defences by
F. Aggeli and I. Ziogas have contributed equally to this work. Handling Editor: Jane Debode
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-020-10043-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. F. Aggeli I. Ziogas D. Gkizi G. A. Fragkogeorgi S. E. Tjamos (&) Phytopathology Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece e-mail: [email protected]
FP12 and FP15, respectively, upon R. solani and S. sclerotiorum infection. Keywords Arthrobacter sp. Biological control Blastobotrys sp. Induced systemic resistance
Introduction The soilborne plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Pythium spp. belong to the most significant lettuce diseases threatening the annual production of lettuce around the world (Blok and Vanderplaats-Niterink 1978; van Beneden et al. 2009). These pathogens are causing symptoms described as basal rot. In regions with Mediterranean climate, the most prevailing basal rot pathogens are R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. Over the last decades, there is increasing research about the biological control of both pathogens in lettuce due to the elevated demand and subsequently cultivation of organically grown lettuce. However, the vast majority of the research studies have been focused on either of the pathogens and not both of them. Therefore, there is a considerable lack of studies dealing with the development of broad spectrum biological control agents (BCAs) capable to compact R. solani and S. sclerotiorum in lettuce. Towards the direction of developing broad spectrum BCAs, Fatouros et al. (2018) reported the plant
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protective activity of the Paenibacillus alvei strain K165 against Pythium ultimum, R. solani and S. sclerotiorum in lettuce. It was su
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