Rhizospheric microorganisms as potential biocontrol agents against Phytophthora austrocedri
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Rhizospheric microorganisms as potential biocontrol agents against Phytophthora austrocedri Jorge Ariel Marfetán & Alina G. Greslebin & Leonardo E. Taccari & María Laura Vélez
Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Austrocedrus chilensis [D.Don] Pic. Serm. et Bizarri (Pinales: Cupressaceae) is a keystone tree species in South America. Mortality of A. chilensis has been reported over most of its distribution in Argentina, and Phytophthora austrocedri has been identified as the causal agent. The aim of this work was to evaluate rhizospheric microorganisms present in A. chilensis roots as biocontrol agents against P. austrocedri. Mycelial growth of P. austrocedri was inhibited by seven fungal and four bacterial isolates in vitro. Interaction among isolates and P. austrocedri was microscopically studied. Isolates with high in vitro fungistatic or Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02113-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. A. Marfetán : M. L. Vélez Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico (CIEFAP), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina J. A. Marfetán : A. G. Greslebin : M. L. Vélez Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina A. G. Greslebin Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Esquel, Chubut, Argentina L. E. Taccari Laboratorio de semillas-Instituto de Biotecnología Esquel (INBIES), UNPSJB, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina M. L. Vélez (*) UNPSJB, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina e-mail: [email protected]
fungicide performance were molecularly identified and inoculated in plants to evaluate their ability to reduce the effect of the pathogen. Two of the bacterial isolates were able to reduce the symptoms in A. chilensis seedlings inoculated with P. austrocedri. These findings are promising since they may contribute to the development of a biocontrol strategy for the disease. Keywords Austrocedrus chilensis . Bacteria . Cypress root disease . Fungi . Pinales . Pythiaceae
Introduction Austrocedrus chilensis [D.Don] Pic. Serm. et Bizarri (Pinales: Cupressaceae) (Ciprés de la cordillera) is an endemic conifer species distributed in southern Argentina and Chile. This conifer has a great touristic and scenic appeal and is an essential part of the Patagonian native forest. Additionally, it is economically valuable due to the high quality of its wood (Pastorino et al. 2004). Since 1948, A. chilensis has suffered mortality, commonly known as “mal del ciprés” or “Austrocedrus root disease (ARD)” (Greslebin et al. 2007). Using field observations, isolations, and pathogenicity tests, previous studies proved that Phytophthora austrocedri Gresl. & E.M. Hansen (syn. Phytophthora austrocedrae, Peronosporales: Pythiaceae) is a primary pathogen to A. chilensis and the causal agent of the ARD (Greslebin and Hans
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