Baseline sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to metconazole and the analysis of cross-resistance with carbendazim, d
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Baseline sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to metconazole and the analysis of cross-resistance with carbendazim, dimethachlone, boscalid, fluazinam, and fludioxonil Shengming Liu & Liuyuan Fu & Jinpeng Chen & Shuan Wang & Jinliang Liu & Jia Jiang & Zhiping Che & Yuee Tian & Genqiang Chen Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 14 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating fungal disease in oilseed rape. Chemical control with fungicides is the primary method of controlling this disease. Metconazole is a demethylation inhibitor fungicide that has high activity against mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, 119 isolates of S. sclerotiorum were collected from oilseed rape fields in different regions of Henan Province, China, in 2015 and 2016 prior to exposure to metconazole. The sensitivities of the S. sclerotiorum isolates to a range of concentrations of metconazole were determined based on mycelial growth inhibition in 90 cm Petri-dishes containing Potato dextrose Agar to which the fungicide was added. The 50% inhibition of mycelial growth (EC50) values of the S. sclerotiorum population to metconazole ranged from 0.0469 to 0.3912 µg mL − 1 and the mean EC 50 value was 0.1875 ± 0.0058 µg mL− 1 (mean ± standard error). The frequency distribution range curve was unimodal with a narrow range. Spearman’s rho (ρ) for the log10 of the EC50 values of 22 isolates of S. sclerotiorum between metconazole and carbendazim, dimethachlone, boscalid, fluazinam, and fludioxonil showed that there was no cross-resistance between metconazole and the S. Liu (*) : L. Fu : J. Chen : S. Wang : J. Liu : J. Jiang (*) : Z. Che : Y. Tian : G. Chen Department of Plant Protection, College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
other test fungicides. The results from this study provide important information for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot and sensitivity monitoring of S. sclerotiorum to metconazole in this area. Keywords Baseline sensitivity . Metconazole . Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . Sclerotinia stem rot . Fungicide . Cross-resistance
Introduction Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the filamentous plantpathogenic fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a devastating fungal disease that infects many important agricultural crop plants, including oilseed rape, sunflower, soybean, carrot, lettuce, and mango (Ajitomi et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018a, b, 2019a; Taylor et al. 2018). Oilseed rape is the main oil crop worldwide and has both edible and ornamental value. China is one of the main oilseed rape producing areas, accounting for approximately 30% of the area planted globally (Liu 2019a; Liu et al. 2018a, b). Sclerotinia stem rot is the most serious disease of oilseed rape (Liu et al. 2018a, b, 2019a). S. sclerotiorum can infect the stems, petals, pods, and other parts of oilseed rape. The symptoms of Sclerotinia stem
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