Novel insights into the calcium action in cherry fruit development revealed by high-throughput mapping
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Novel insights into the calcium action in cherry fruit development revealed by high‑throughput mapping Michail Michailidis1 · Evangelos Karagiannis1 · Georgia Tanou2 · Martina Samiotaki3 · George Tsiolas4 · Eirini Sarrou5 · George Stamatakis3 · Ioannis Ganopoulos5 · Stefans Martens6 · Anagnostis Argiriou4 · Athanassios Molassiotis1 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Key message This work provides the first system-wide datasets concerning metabolic changes in calcium-treated fruits, which reveal that exogenously applied calcium may specifically reprogram sweet cherry development and ripening physiognomy. Abstract Calcium modulates a wide range of plant developmental processes; however, the regulation of fruit ripening by calcium remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiling was used to document the responses of sweet cherry fruit to external calcium application (0.5% CaCl2) at 15, 27 and 37 days after full blossom. Endogenous calcium loading in fruit across development following external calcium feeding was accompanied by a reduction in respiration rate. Calcium treatment strongly impaired water-induced fruit cracking tested by two different assays, and this effect depended on the fruit size, water temperature and light/dark conditions. Substantial changes in the levels of numerous polar/non-polar primary and secondary metabolites, including malic acid, glucose, cysteine, epicatechin and neochlorogenic acid were noticed in fruits exposed to calcium. At the onset of ripening, we identified various calciumaffected genes, including those involved in ubiquitin and cysteine signaling, that had not been associated previously with calcium function in fruit biology. Calcium specifically increased the abundance of a significant number of proteins that classified as oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases. The overview of temporal changes in gene expression and corresponding protein abundance provided by interlinked analysis revealed that oxidative phosphorylation, hypersensitive response, DNA repair, stomata closure, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and proton-pump activity were mainly affected by calcium. This report provides the fullest characterization of expression patterns in calcium-responsive genes, proteins and metabolites currently available in fruit ripening and will serve as a blueprint for future biological endeavors. Keywords Calcium · Fruit cracking · Fruit ripening · Metabolome · Proteome · Sweet cherry · Transcriptome
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-020-01063-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Athanassios Molassiotis [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thermi, Greece
2
Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
3
Institut
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