Novel Insights into Adipose Cell Functions
Obesity is considered as top at risk condition in the world and it is mandatory to identify the physiopathological causes involved in adipose tissue enlargement and related metabolic and cardiovascular health disorders. Environmental, behavioural, genetic
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Karine Cle´ment Yves Christen
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Bruce M. Spiegelman
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Editors
Novel Insights into Adipose Cell Functions
Editors Dr. Karine Cle´ment Pitie´ Salpeˆtrie`re Hospital Endocrinology and Nutrition Department rue de l’e´cole de me´decine, 15 75006 Paris France [email protected]
Dr. Bruce M. Spiegelman Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and the Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA [email protected]
Dr. Yves Christen Fondation IPSEN pour la Recherche Therapeutique 65 quai George Gorse 92650 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex France [email protected]
ISSN 1861-2253 ISBN 978-3-642-13516-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-13517-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13517-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933309 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Obesity is a disease of society spreading at an epidemic pace throughout the world. According to the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as an increased or abnormal accumulation of body fat mass to the extent that individual’s health will be negatively affected. Overweight is thus being considered as top at risk condition in the world and it is mandatory to identify the physiopathological causes involved in adipose tissue enlargement and related metabolic and cardiovascular health disorders. Environmental, behavioural, genetic, epigenetic and multiple biological factors interact to cause obesity. In this context adipose tissue depots have been under focus in the last decades and pivotal concepts have emerged from the studies of their complex biology. While the white adipose tissue (WAT) is the main energy repository in the body (mobilizing fatty acids according to body needs) thanks to white adipocyte properties, WAT is also a multicellular organ communicating with other body organs (brain, muscles, liver, pancreas, heart, vessels, etc. . .) via complex networks of endocrine signals. The discovery of leptin in 1994 led to recognize WAT as a master organ at the
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