Numerical modeling and verification by nystagmus slow-phase velocity of the function of semicircular canals
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Numerical modeling and verification by nystagmus slow‑phase velocity of the function of semicircular canals Xiang Wu1 · Shen Yu2 · Wenlong Liu1 · Shuang Shen3 Received: 31 August 2019 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The malfunctioning of semicircular canals (SCCs) in the vestibular system results in diseases that disrupt the individual’s daily life. Vestibular diseases can be treated more effectively if the functioning of the SCCs is better understood. However, the SCC is difficult to dissect, because it is a complex structure buried deep in the inner ear. To thoroughly understand the function of SCCs and provide better treatment plans for vestibular diseases, we constructed a numerical model of human SCCs and validated it experimentally. Based on the principle of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the cupula deformation deflects embedded sensory hair cell bundles, transmitting signals to the brain and inducing a slow compensatory eye movement. The slow-phase velocity (SPV) is the characteristic of the slow compensatory eye movement. We investigated the cupula deformation in the numerical model and the SPV under different conditions. The relationship between the cupula deformation and the SPV was quantified for three volunteers. It was observed that the maximal cupula deformation is proportional to the angular acceleration, while the SPV is changing nonlinearly with the angular acceleration. For three volunteers, the relationship between the cupula deformation and the SPV can be expressed by same type function of which the parameters are dependent on individual differences. These results validate the reliability of the numerical model. Keywords Vestibular system · Fluid–structure interaction model · Cupula deformation · Vestibulo-ocular reflex · Slowphase velocity
1 Introduction
* Wenlong Liu [email protected] Xiang Wu [email protected] Shen Yu [email protected] Shuang Shen [email protected] 1
School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
3
Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation Institute, College of Special Education, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
The vestibular system in the inner ear performs a crucial role in maintaining the human’s sense of balance. If the structure of the semicircular canals (SCCs) in the vestibular system becomes abnormal or the SCCs are stimulated by excessive acceleration, vestibular diseases, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), motion sickness and Meniere’s syndrome, arise. These vestibular diseases are major contributory factors to vertigo. Statistically, the prevalence rate of vertigo induced by vestibular diseases in adults is approximately 6.8% (Thyra et al. 2015). Vestibular diseases seriously disrupt the daily lives of people living with it. However, the pathogen
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