Bohai Sea oil spill model: a numerical case study
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Bohai Sea oil spill model: a numerical case study Zengan Deng • Ting Yu • Xiaoyi Jiang • Suixiang Shi • Jiye Jin • Linchong Kang Feng Zhang
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Received: 26 February 2013 / Accepted: 8 June 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract An operational Bohai Sea oil spill serving module (BSOSSM) that can provide users with trajectory and movement information of the released oil is developed for the purpose of informing mitigation of oil spill incidents in the Bohai Sea, China. BSOSSM is one of the serving modules that had been integrated in China digital ocean prototype system, a marine information platform for managing, displaying and disseminating all the data investigated by China 908 Program. The oil spill trajectory is calculated by an oil spill model (OSM), which serves as a component in BSOSSM. The impacts of wind, current, as well as Stokes drift on oil spill trajectory are studied by sensitivity experiments conducted using OSM. Simulation results indicate that wind forcing is the most important factor in controlling the oil trajectory at the sea surface in Bohai Sea, whereas current and Stokes drift play relatively less important roles. However, because the direction of waves generally follows that of the wind, Stokes drift does lead to an increase in oil drift and spreading velocity. Case studies of the Penglai 19-3 oil spill incident (June 2011) and Xingang oil spill (April 2005) demonstrate that OSM can generally reproduce the oil spreading, and is therefore capable of supporting the emergency response of future oil spills in the Bohai Sea through BSOSSM.
Z. Deng (&) X. Jiang S. Shi J. Jin L. Kang F. Zhang Key Laboratory of Digital Ocean, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300171, China e-mail: [email protected] Z. Deng T. Yu X. Jiang S. Shi J. Jin L. Kang F. Zhang National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China T. Yu Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Keywords Bohai Sea oil spill model China digital ocean prototype system Oil spill serving module Penglai 19-3 oil spill Introduction Release of pollutants in the ocean can harm marine life and the environment, in particular when happening in coastal seas and estuaries. Oil spills (OS) are some of the most important pollution incidents because of their high frequency of occurrence (Liu et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2005). To facilitate disaster mitigation activities, such as cleanup efforts, accurate trajectory information of oil movement is necessary. There are two main ways to obtain OS movement trajectory, remote sensing (Brecke and Solberg 2005; Jensen 2007; Klemas 2010) and numerical modeling (Wang et al. 2005, 2008; Wang and Shen 2010). Usually satellites or aircrafts take images of spilled oil at the ocean surface from space, providing real-time trajectory information. However, cloud coverage, detection time, as well as thickness of an oil slick could limit the functionality of this approach, e.g. visible sensors cannot operate at night and a th
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