Nutrition, Diet and Cancer

Chemoprevention of cancer has been the focus of intensive research for more than two decades. Epidemiological evidence has shown a small, but significant association between fruit and vegetable intake and a reduction in cancer risk.  Diet may account

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Sharmila Shankar • Rakesh K. Srivastava Editors

Nutrition, Diet and Cancer

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Editors Assoc. Prof. Sharmila Shankar Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Rainbow Blvd 3901 Kansas City, Kansas USA

Prof. Dr. Rakesh K. Srivastava Pharmacology and Toxicology Therapeutics Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Rainbow Blvd 3901 Kansas City, Kansas USA

ISBN 978-94-007-2922-3 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2923-0 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2923-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012934829 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Based on a thorough review of the scientific evidence, this book provides the most authoritative assessment of the relationship between dietary and nutritional factors and the incidence of cancer. It highlights interim dietary guidelines that are likely to reduce the risk of cancer as well as ensure good nutrition. The relationships among nutrition, diet and cancer have advanced in recent years, but much remains to be understood with respect to diet and dietary components in cancer risk and prevention. Continuing accumulation of scientific evidence provides clues about that nutrition is one of the most important determinants of health for the individual, and that specific nutrition habits of various populations can significantly decrease the overall risk of cancer. Sequencing of the human genome has opened the door to an exciting new phase for nutritional science. Unraveling the effects of dietary components on genes and their encoded proteins as well as identifying genetic influences on dietary factors is essential for identifying those who will and will not benefit from intervention strategies for cancer prevention. Other emerging areas that require greater attention include understanding the link between obesity, diet and cancer, the interaction between diet and the microbiome, as well as how dietary agents modulate inflammatory processes. Importantly, nutrigenomics approach may provide useful biomarkers of cancer prevention, early disease, or nutritional status, as well as identify potential molecular targets in cancer processes that are modulated by dietary constituents and/or dietary patterns. Scientific literature on nutrition for the cancer prevention is inadequate. Whilst the implications of reduced performance status and poor nutritional status on cancer outcomes are documented, there is still a lack of conclusive research data on the potential effect of improvement in nutrition. Our goal is provid