Observational Astrophysics
Written specifically for physicists and graduate students in astronomy, this textbook focuses on astronomical observation and on the basic physical principles that astronomers use to conceive, build and exploit their instruments at their ultimate limits i
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ASTRONOMY A:\fO ASTROPHYSICS LJBRARY
Series Editors:
I. Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Borner, Garching, Germany M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Gottingen, Germany P. A. Strittmatter, Tucson, AZ, USA V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
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LIBRARY
Series Editors:
t\STRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LIBRARY 1. Appenzeller . G. Borner . M. Harwit . R. Kippenhahn P. A. Strittmatter . V. Trimble Theory of Orbits (2 volumes) Volume 1: Integrable Systems and Non-perturbative Methods Volume 2: Perturbative and Geometrical Methods By D. Boccaletti and G. Pucacco Galaxies and Cosmology By F. Combes, P. Boisse, A. Mazure and A. Blanchard The Solar System 2nd Edition
By T. Encrenaz and J.-P. Bibring
The Physics and Dynamics of Planetary Nebulae By G. A. Gurzadyan Astrophysical Concepts 2nd Edition
By M. Harwit
Stellar Structure and Evolution By R. Kippenhahn and A. Weigert Moderu Astrometry Supernovae
By J. Kovalevsky
Editor: A. Petschek
General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Cosmology By A. K. Raychaudhuri, S. Banerji and A. Banerjee Tools of Radio Astronomy 2nd Edition By K. Rohlfs and T. L. Wilson Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields Quantum Mechanical Treatment and Applications in Astrophysics and Quantum Chaos By H. Ruder, G. Wunner, H. Herold and F. Geyer The Stars
By E. L. Schatzman and F. Praderie
Gravitational Lenses
By P. Schneider, J. Ehlers and E. E. Falco
Relativity in Astrometry, Celestial Mechanics and Geodesy By M. H. Soffel The Sun An Introduction
By M. Stix
Galactic and Extragalactic Radio Astronomy Editors: G. L. Verschuur and K. I. Kellermann
2nd Edition
Reflecting Telescope Optics (2 volumes) Volume I: Basic Design Theory and its Historical Development Volume II: Manufacture, Testing, Alignment, Modem Techniques By R. N. Wilson Galaxy Formation By M. S. Longair Astrophysical Formulae 3rd Edition (2 volumes) Volume I: Radiation, Gas Processes and High-Energy Astrophysics Volume II: Space, Time, Matter in Cosmology By K. R. Lang
P. Lena F. Lebrun F. Mignard
Observational Astrophysics Translated by S. Lyle
Second Revised and Enlarged Edition With 254 Figures, 67 Tables and 61 Exercises
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Springer
Pierre Lena
Fran~ois
Observatoire de Paris-Meudon Universite de Paris VII 5, Place Jules Janssen F-92l95 Meudon Principal Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected]
Observatoire de la Cote d' Azur Centre de Recherche en Geodynamique et Astrometrie Av. Copernic F-06130 Grasse, France e-mail: [email protected]
Fran~ois
Lebrun
Mignard
Translator
Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique/Sac\ay DSMJDAPNIAlSAp F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected]
Stephen Lyle 8, Impasse du Coteau F-69480 Pommiers, France e-mail: [email protected]
Cover picture: The array of six free-flying satellites (five 1.5-m telescopes plus a central interferometric recombinating hub) is a configuration studied since 1997 by the European Space Agency for the mission DARWIN, aimed at the detectio
