Occurrence and characteristics of iron-bearing minerals in surface road dusts: a case study in the coastal areas of sout
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SOILS, SEC 3 • REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED OR DEGRADED LANDS • RESEARCH ARTICLE
Occurrence and characteristics of iron-bearing minerals in surface road dusts: a case study in the coastal areas of southern Fujian, China Dan Yang 1 & Meina Wang 1 & Jingchun Liu 1 & Ting Deng 1 & Chongling Yan 1,2 & Zhenhua Ding 1 & Haoliang Lu 1 Received: 17 January 2020 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Changes in the magnetic phase, magnetic concentration, and/or magnetic grain-sized of dust-bound iron-bearing minerals depend on both lithogenic components and anthropogenic inputs. Knowledge of the magnetic properties of road dusts in various road ecosystems is of paramount importance to control dust pollution for the benefit of the environment and human health. Methods The magnetic characteristics of road dusts, collected in the coastal areas of southern Fujian, China, were determined via magnetic measurements, X-ray diffraction analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), and scanning electron microscopy with integrated energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Results Analyses of the temperature dependence of magnetization, backfield demagnetization, and hysteresis loops suggested that the main magnetic carriers in road dusts were low-coercivity minerals with minimal antiferromagnetic phases derived from anthropognic sources. The coefficients of variation for χLF, SIRM, and χARM were 53.46%, 50.98%, and 58.56%, respectively. Samples with high values of χLF had a high ratio of iron ions in the octahedral B and tetrahedral A sites in magnetite. The most common iron oxides in the dust-bound iron-bearing minerals were non-stoichiometric magnetite, hematite, and possibly metallic iron. Elevated concentrations of trace metals (e.g., Cd, Cr, Co, and V) in the dust-bound iron-bearing minerals partially confirmed the coexistence of magnetic minerals and trace metals in the road dusts. Conclusions Analysis of the spatial characteristics of magnetic concentration–related parameters will be useful in accurately documenting and tracking levels of pollution. Keywords Surface road dusts . Iron species . Magnetization . Mӧssbauer spectroscopy
1 Introduction Road dust, including street dust, originates from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Differences in Dan Yang and Meina Wang contributed equally to this work. Responsible editor: Shiming Ding * Chongling Yan [email protected] * Zhenhua Ding [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
the abundance and grain size of magnetic particles exist between natural and anthropogenic dusts (Zheng and Zhang 2008; Warrier et al. 2014). Soil-entrained dusts are characterized by relatively high values of percent frequency-dependent susceptibility (χfd%) and ARM/ SIRM (Zheng and Zhang 2008; Warrier et al. 2014), while anthropogenic dusts are associated with tra
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