Occurrence of granulovirus infecting Cydia pomonella in high altitude cold arid region of India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Occurrence of granulovirus infecting Cydia pomonella in high altitude cold arid region of India Barkat Hussain1 • Khalid Z. Masoodi2 • Abdul Rasheed War3 • Asma S. Hakak2 Nazeer Ahmad4 • Tariq Masoodi5
•
Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 Ó Indian Virological Society 2020
Abstract Codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a quarantine pest of apple in Ladakh, India. We report Cydia pomonella granulovirus from infected larvae of codling moth for the first time in India. The two CpGV isolates were identified as (CpGV SKUAST-1 and CpGV SKUAST-2) and published in Genbank under accession number, MK801791 and MK801792, respectively. The mortality of CpGV was evaluated against 3rd instar larvae of codling moth at various concentrations viz., 102, 104, 106, 108, 1010, 1012 and 1014 OBS/ml. The median lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were observed at 7.08 and 28.56 OBS/ml, respectively. In field, the infection rate by CpGV was 5.95 to 15.65%. Based on typical infection symptoms on the larvae, morphological features under the microscope and sequence results of the amplified product confirmed the first occurrence of CpGV from
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-020-00638-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Barkat Hussain [email protected] 1
Division of Entomology, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2
Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
3
Rohama Rafiabad, Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
4
Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
5
Division of Forestry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology, Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
India. Thus, CpGV will form an important non-chemical strategy for managing this pest. Keywords Cydia pomonella granulovirus India Codling moth Ladakh
Introduction Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L, is a cosmopolitan pest and is widely distributed across Europe, USA, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Russia [8, 9, 35]. In Ladakh, fruit damage by codling moth on apple is more than 70% [28, 36]. Ladakh, India has a cold arid climate with temperature of - 40 to 40 °C. The codling moth is a fruit borer pest on apple, apricot, walnut and pear. In India, its distribution is restricted to the Ladakh region [17, 25] and is a serious and quarantine pest [17, 28, 36]. Codling moth causes severe damage and leads to the complete loss of marketable fruits [26, 27]. The pest can easily enter the neighboring states/ provinces of the Indian union. To stop its expansion to other states, Government of India has imposed restrictions on the export of all fresh fruits (apple, apricot, walnut and other fruits) from Ladakh to the other states o
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