Ocean Circulation Theory
The waters of the earth are gathered in shallow, irregular, interconnecting basins. Heated by the sun and driven by the wind, the oceans circulate endlessly. The general circulation of the ocean is the persistent pattern of this flow on the scale of the b
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Joseph Pedlosky
Ocean Circulation Theory
With 167 Figures
'
Springer
Dr. JOSEPH PEDLOSKY Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
Corrected 2nd printing 1998 of the I st edition 1996 ISBN 978-3-642-08224-5 CIP Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek- CIP-Einheitsaufuahrne Pedlosky, Joseph: Ocean circulation theory I Joseph Pedlosky. - 1. ed., corr. 2. printing. ISBN 978-3-662-03204-6 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-642-08224-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-03204-6 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. ©Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Springer-Verlag, E. Kirchner Typesetting: Fotosatz-Service Kohler GmbH, Wiirzburg SPIN: 10680755
32/3020 54 3 2 I- Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
The waters of the earth are gathered in shallow, irregular, interconnecting basins. Heated by the sun and driven by the wind, the oceans circulate endlessly. The general circulation of the ocean is the persistent pattern of this flow on the scale of the basins. It is the heart and soul of physical oceanography, and the explanation and prediction of the flow from the principles of fluid dynamics is the chief goal of the physical oceanographer. Along with the pattern of the motion, the associated fields of pressure, temperature, salinity, and density are also necessary components of a complete theory for the ocean circulation since they are dynamically linked to the motion of the oceans. The physical problem posed by the general circulation of the oceans is a difficult one both experimentally and theoretically. From the point of view of theoretical fluid mechanics the difficulty springs fundamentally from the recirculating character of the circulation. The fluid is gathered into a single, though highly contorted basin. Aside from a relatively small amount of water which enters as precipitation and leaves the ocean to enter the atmosphere due to evaporation, the water remains in its basin and never leaves. As is well known, the hardest problems in fluid mechanics are just those of recirculating fluid
