Seasonal Variability of Water and Sea-Ice Circulation in the Arctic Ocean in a High-Resolution Model
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onal Variability of Water and Sea-Ice Circulation in the Arctic Ocean in a High-Resolution Model L. Y. Kalnitskiia, b, *, M. N. Kaurkinb, K. V. Ushakovb, c, and R. A. Ibrayeva, b, c aMarchuk
Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia c Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow oblast, 141700 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] bShirshov
Received March 27, 2020; revised April 29, 2020; accepted June 3, 2020
Abstract—In this work, results of modeling the intra-annual variability of water and ice circulation in the Arctic Ocean by means of the INMIO4.1 three-dimensional model of ocean dynamics and the CICE5.1 sea-ice model are considered. The coupled ocean–ice model is implemented on massively parallel computers under the control of the CMF2.0 cosimulation software package. Results of a numerical experiment carried out according to the CORE-I protocol are presented. Geographical distributions, mean values, and intra-annual variability of the model solution characteristics describing the flow of water through key straits at the boundaries of the Arctic Ocean, propagation paths and vertical structure of the warm Atlantic water layer, and the area and volume of sea ice are analyzed. Qualitative agreement with observational and other high-resolution modeling data is obtained. Keywords: Arctic Ocean, ocean model, sea ice, seasonal variability DOI: 10.1134/S0001433820050060
INTRODUCTION Processes occurring in the Arctic Ocean (AO) are one of most important elements of the general circulation of World Ocean waters. The interaction between the atmosphere and AO waters exerts a significant effect on weather in Eurasia; in particular, in recent years, the generation and evolution of polar mesocyclones are of great interest. The change in the Earth’s climate strongly influences the state of AO waters. In particular, it provokes accelerated loss of ice cover in the AO [1] and, first and foremost, in the so-called Atlantic Arctic, including the Barents Sea and the western part of the Nansen Basin. It is here where the noticeable loss of sea-ice cover is observed in recent years, not only in the summer season but also at the peak of its maximal seasonal development [2]. All this causes great interest in investigations into water and sea-ice circulation in the AO. There are many works devoted to numerical studies of the Arctic Basin circulation, including those carried within the framework of the AOMIP and FAMOS projects [3]. Among works by Russian researchers, one should mention investigations carried out in the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute [4, 5]; the Institute of Numerical Mathematics (INM), Russian Academy of Sciences—these are works with the use of the sigma model of the ocean general circulation [6, 7] and cal-
culations of the ice dynamics [8, 9]; and the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (ICMMG), Siberian Branch, Ru
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