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© 2013 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Reproduction of this report by electronic means for personal and noncommercial purposes ’œȱ™Ž›–’ĴŽȱŠœȱ•˜—ȱŠœȱ™›˜™Ž›ȱŠŒ”—˜ •ŽŽ–Ž—ȱ’œȱ’—Œ•žŽǯȱœŽ›œȱŠ›Žȱ›Žœ›’ŒŽȱ›˜–ȱ ™‘˜˜Œ˜™¢’—ȱ˜›ȱ–ŽŒ‘Š—’ŒŠ•ȱ›Ž™›˜žŒ’˜—ȱŠœȱ Ž••ȱŠœȱŒ›ŽŠ’—ȱŽ›’ŸŠ’ŸŽȱ ˜›”œȱ˜›ȱŒ˜––Ž›Œ’Š•ȱ ™ž›™˜œŽœȱ ’‘˜žȱ‘Žȱ™›’˜›ȱ ›’ĴŽ—ȱ™Ž›–’œœ’˜—ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ™ž‹•’œ‘Ž›ǯ ȱȱ’œȱŠȱ›ŠŽ–Š›”ȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŽ—Ž›ȱ˜›ȱŽœ˜ž›ŒŽȱŒ˜—˜–’Œœǯ Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Š—žŠŒž›Žȱ’—ȱ‘Žȱ—’ŽȱŠŽœȱ˜ȱ–Ž›’ŒŠ Note: This technical input document in its current form does not represent a Federal document ˜ȱŠ—¢ȱ”’—ȱŠ—ȱœ‘˜ž•ȱ—˜ȱ‹Žȱ’—Ž›™›ŽŽȱŠœȱ‘Žȱ™˜œ’’˜—ȱ˜›ȱ™˜•’Œ¢ȱ˜ȱŠ—¢ȱŽŽ›Š•ǰȱŠŽǰȱ˜ŒŠ•ǰȱ or Tribal Government or Non-Governmental entity Suggested Citation: ›’ĜœǰȱǯȱŠ—ȱ ˜ Š›ǰȱ ǯȱǽœǯǾǯȱŘŖŗřǯȱOceans and Marine Resources in a Changing Climate: A Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment. Washington, DC: Island Press. Keywords: Climate change, climate variability, oceans, adaptation, extreme events, ocean ŠŒ’’ęŒŠ’˜—ǰȱ•˜œœȱ˜ȱœŽŠȱ’ŒŽǰȱœŽŠȱœž›ŠŒŽȱŽ–™Ž›Šž›Žǰȱ™›ŽŒ’™’Š’˜—ǰȱ˜ŒŽŠ—ȱŒ’›Œž•Š’˜—ȱ™ŠĴŽ›—œǰȱ –Š›’—ŽȱŽŒ˜œ¢œŽ–œǰȱ›Ž’–Žȱœ‘’œǰȱ’™™’—ȱ™˜’—œǰȱ꜑Ž›’Žœǰȱœ˜Œ’˜ȬŽŒ˜—˜–’Œœǰȱ˜ž›’œ–ǰȱŽ—Ž›¢ǰȱ ’—Ž›—Š’˜—Š•ȱ’–™•’ŒŠ’˜—œǰȱŽŒ’œ’˜—ȱ–Š”’—ǰȱŸž•—Ž›Š‹’•’¢ ‘’œȱŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ—™žȱ Šœȱ™›˜žŒŽȱ‹¢ȱŠȱŽŠ–ȱ˜ȱŽ¡™Ž›œȱŠȱ‘Žȱ›ŽšžŽœȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱȱ ŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱŠ—ȱŸ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜––’ĴŽŽǯȱȱ ’••ȱ‹ŽȱŠŸŠ’•Š‹•Žȱ˜›ȱžœŽȱŠœȱ›ŽŽ›Ž—ŒŽȱ–ŠŽ›’Š•ȱ‹¢ȱŠ••ȱ NCA author teams. ‘ŽȱœŒ’Ž—’ęŒȱ›Žœž•œȱŠ—ȱŒ˜—Œ•žœ’˜—œǰȱŠœȱ Ž••ȱŠœȱŠ—¢ȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜›ȱ˜™’—’˜—œȱŽ¡™›ŽœœŽȱ‘Ž›Ž’—ǰȱŠ›Žȱ ‘˜œŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠž‘˜›ǻœǼȱŠ—ȱ˜ȱ—˜ȱ—ŽŒŽœœŠ›’•¢ȱ›ŽĚŽŒȱ‘ŽȱŸ’Ž œȱ˜ȱȱ˜›ȱ‘ŽȱŽ™Š›–Ž—ȱ˜ȱ Commerce. ŠŽȱž‹–’ĴŽȱ˜ȱ‘ŽȱŠ’˜—Š•ȱ•’–ŠŽȱœœŽœœ–Ž—ȱŽŸŽ•˜™–Ž—ȱŸ’œ˜›¢ȱ˜––’ĴŽŽDZȱ April 17, 2012 ‘’œȱ›Ž™˜›ȱ’œȱŽ›’ŸŽȱ›˜–ȱ ˜ Š›ȱŽȱŠ•ǯȱŘŖŗřǯȱŒŽŠ—œȱŠ—ȱŠ›’—ŽȱŽœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱ’—ȱŠȱ‘Š—’—ȱ •’–ŠŽǯȱOceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual ReviewǰȱŘŖŗřǰȱśŗǰȱŝŗȬŗşŘǯ ŽŒ‘—’ŒŠ•ȱ—™žœȱŽŠȱž‘˜›ȱ˜—ŠŒȱ—˜›–Š’˜—DZ ˜Ž›ȱ ›’ĜœDZȱ›˜Ž›ǯ‹ǯ›’Ĝœȓ—˜ŠŠǯ˜ŸȱřŖŗȬŚŘŝȬŞŗřŚ Ž——’Ž›ȱ ˜ Š›DZȱ“Ž——’Ž›ǯ‘˜ Š›ȓ—˜ŠŠǯ˜ŸȱřŖŗȬŚŘŝȬŞŗŝř ›˜—ȱ˜ŸŽ›ȱ–ŠŽœDZ Courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

About This Series This report is published as one of a series of technical inputs to the National Climate Assessment (NCA) 2013 report. The NCA is being conducted under the auspices of the •˜‹Š•ȱ‘Š—ŽȱŽœŽŠ›Œ‘ȱŒȱ˜ȱŗşşŖǰȱ ‘’Œ‘ȱ›Žšž’›ŽœȱŠȱ›Ž™˜›ȱ˜ȱ‘Žȱ›Žœ’Ž—ȱŠ—ȱ˜—gress every four years on the status of climate change science and impacts. The NCA informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and Š—’Œ’™ŠŽȱ›Ž—œȱ˜›ȱ‘Žȱžž›Žǯȱ‘Žȱȱ›Ž™˜›ȱ™›˜ŒŽœœȱ’—Ž›ŠŽœȱœŒ’Ž—’ęŒȱ’—˜›–Š’˜—ȱ›˜–ȱ–ž•’™•Žȱœ˜ž›ŒŽœȱŠ—ȱœŽŒ˜›œȱ˜ȱ‘’‘•’‘ȱ”Ž¢ȱꗍ’—œȱŠ—ȱœ’—’ęŒŠ—ȱŠ™œȱ’—ȱ ˜ž›ȱ”—˜ •ŽŽǯȱ’—’—œȱ›˜–ȱ‘Žȱȱ™›˜Ÿ’Žȱ’—™žȱ˜ȱŽŽ›Š•ȱœŒ’Ž—ŒŽȱ™›’˜›’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ Š›ŽȱžœŽȱ‹¢ȱǯǯȱŒ’’£Ž—œǰȱŒ˜––ž—’’ŽœȱŠ—ȱ‹žœ’—ŽœœŽœȱŠœȱ‘Ž¢ȱŒ›ŽŠŽ

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