On-line Water Contents Diagnosis of PEMFC Based on Measurements
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On‑line Water Contents Diagnosis of PEMFC Based on Measurements Donghoon Shin1 · Seungryeol Yoo1 · Young‑Hyun Lee2 Received: 17 January 2019 / Revised: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 © Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020
Abstract The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has been widely studied in many fields and is being commercialized through various applications such as automobiles or distributed power generation. However, there are some fuel-cell operation stability and durability issues yet to be solved. One such problem is how to monitor the hydration condition within a fuel cell quickly and precisely for fault detection during operation. This study presents a method for monitoring the water management status in the fuel cell on-line. The relationship between equivalent circuit elements, voltage and current is described mathematically, and based on this equation, the equivalent circuit elements are estimated on-line through the voltage and current values measured in the experiment. The experiment is performed in three pre-defined states: normal, dry-out, and flooding. The parameter values of the equivalent circuit estimated by the least square method show different behaviors for each state, and it is confirmed that it is possible to implement fault isolation related to water management of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell through parameter estimation, showing different behaviors in each state. Keywords PEMFC · Water management · On-line state estimation · Fault diagnosis and isolation List of Symbols Abbreviations PEMFC Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell ARX model Autoregressive with exogenous model FDI Fault diagnosis and isolation Variables Cdl Double-layer capacitance E Electromotive force Ra Activation resistance (polarization resistance) Rm Membrane resistance (ohmic resistance) Va Voltage drop by parallel circuit of activation resistance and double-layer capacitance Vm Voltage drop by membrane resistance Vfc Output voltage of fuel-cell stack q−1 Backward shift operator 𝜑 Known parameter vector * Seungryeol Yoo [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan‑si, Chungcheongnam‑do 31253, Republic of Korea
School of Electronic Engineering, Kangnam University, Yongin‑si, Geonggi‑do 16979, Republic of Korea
2
𝜃 Unknown parameter vector 𝜃 estimated by least square method 𝜃̂
1 Introduction Thus far, fossil fuels have been the best way to satisfy enormous energy needs. However, the drawbacks of fossil fuels, including pollution problems, limitation of reserves, and resource imbalance have led to new and renewable energy sources becoming an even more important alternative to fossil fuels. Hydrogen energy is one of the various renewable energies, and the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most common way to use it. This device has high efficiency and high power density as it directly converts a fuel’s internal energy to e
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