On magnetophoretic separation of blood cells using Halbach array of magnets
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On magnetophoretic separation of blood cells using Halbach array of magnets Afshin Shiriny . Morteza Bayareh
Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Magnetophoretic separation has gained much attention in recent years due to its easy application and low-cost fabrication compared to other active particle separation techniques. Due to the different properties of white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs), it is possible to manipulate and separate them using a magnetic field. In this paper, a simple microfluidic device is proposed to fractionate WBCs and RBCs from whole blood using magnetophoretic force applied by Halbach array of three permanent magnets. Plasma streams containing WBCs and RBCs enter a simple microchip fabricated by PDMS. Permanent magnets apply positive and negative magnetophoretic forces to the RBCs and WBCs, respectively. Two cladding streams containing blood plasma are used to concentrate the cells in the magnetophoretic area. A wide range of inlet velocities and different distances of magnets from the channel (d) are investigated. It is demonstrated that the volume flow rate of core, and cladding streams, total flow rate and the distance between magnets and microchannel affect the separation efficiency individually. The results reveal that d = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm may lead to complete separation when core and cladding flow rates are 1 and 7 ll/h, respectively.
A. Shiriny M. Bayareh (&) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Cell separation Magnetophoresis Microfluidic Halbach array RBCs WBCs
1 Introduction Microparticle separation is of great importance in the diagnostic, chemical, and biological analysis, as well as food processing and environmental assessment. The concept of separation can be generalized to genetic engineering, cellular transplantation, and immunology. Many investigations have been performed to improve microfluidic techniques to miniaturize the microfluidic devices. Particle separation based on microfluidic technology offers a simple, reliable, and cost-effective approach to disease detection. A microfluidic device can distinguish dead or cancerous cells from living and normal cells in the blood and separate them. Using unique micro-flow phenomenon features, various methods have been developed for continuous and accurate separation of microparticles. In general, particle separation is performed by two active and passive techniques. Passive methods use interactions between particles, microchannel structure, and fluid flow field to separate particles. These methods are easily measurable and do not depend on external forces, but their operating range is small due to their fixed geometry [1–3]. Common methods of passive separation include microfiltration [4–6], inertial separation [7–10], deterministic lateral
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Meccanica
displacement (DLD) [11–14] and compact flow method [1
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