On the identity and phylogenetic position of Dero indica (Clitellata: Naididae)
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On the identity and phylogenetic position of Dero indica (Clitellata: Naididae) Sivabalan Srinivasan 1
&
Svante Martinsson 2
&
Mohammed Ibrahim Naveed 1
Received: 15 October 2019 / Accepted: 10 January 2020 / Published online: 20 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The identity and validity of the freshwater worm Dero indica (Clitellata: Naididae; Naidinae) has been debated, and it has been suggested that it is likely to be identical with D. digitata. In this study we combine a newly generated COI sequence of D. indica with available sequences from GenBank, to estimate the phylogeny of Dero using both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. The trees show that D. indica is well separated from D. digitata, instead it is closest to D. vaga, but with low support. Furthermore, the analyses confirm the close relationship between Dero and Branchiodrilus found in previous studies, and indicates the presence of cryptic species in D. furcata and D. digitata. Keywords DNA barcoding . Oligochaeta . India . COI
Introduction The identity of the naidid worm Dero indica Naidu, 1962; pp 110-112 (Clitellata: Naididae: Naidinae) has historically been questioned. In the original description Naidu (1962) described it as being closest to Dero digitata and D. zeylanica, and in their global compendium on aquatic Oligochaeta, Brinkhurst and Jamieson (1971) regarded D. indica as most likely being identical to D. digitata. The ambiguity regarding D. indica was partly resolved by Naveed (2012) by studying several live and preserved specimens of D. indica, and found morphological differences. The two species of Dero differ from each other in the number of dorsal chaetae: D. digitata is characterized as having one hair and one needle chaeta, D. indica as
having two hair and two needle chaetae. However, so far, no genetic data from D. indica has been available, and the phylogenetic position is still unknown. Aulophorus Schmarda, 1861 is often treated as a junior synonym to Dero and are often synonomised, also in this study. Please note that Naidu (1962; pp 137-139) also descibed Aulophorus indicus, which becomes a junior homonym to D. indica when the two genera are treated as synonyms. The aim of this study is to test if Dero indica is genetically distinct from D. digitata and other congenerics, as well as placing it phylogenetically. To obtain this, phylogenies were estimated, with both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood, on a dataset consisting of newly obtained COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) sequence of D. indica combined with available sequences of Dero spp. from GenBank.
Sivabalan Srinivasan and Svante Martinsson contributed equally to this work. * Svante Martinsson [email protected] Sivabalan Srinivasan [email protected] Mohammed Ibrahim Naveed [email protected] 1
Department of Zoology, The New College, Chennai - 14, India
2
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Material and methods A
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