One Pot Synthesis of Gentamicin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles as an Efficient Antibacterial Agent
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ORIGINAL PAPER
One Pot Synthesis of Gentamicin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles as an Efficient Antibacterial Agent Deepak Sharma1 • Abhishek Chaudhary1 Received: 3 March 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present study, we report a simple, robust, and eco-friendly one pot synthesis of gentamicin conjugated gold nanoparticles (G-GNPs), where gentamicin behaves dually as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized through different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques and found to be almost spherical in shape with hydrodynamic diameter of * 15 nm along with excellent stability. The antibacterial potential was evaluated by well diffusion assay and showed that G-GNPs effectively inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria viz. Escherichia coli DH5a, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160 (p \ 0.05). Results also revealed that G-GNPs exhibit excellent antibacterial activity as compared with pure gentamicin, interestingly G-GNPs also showed excellent activity against gentamicin resistant Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469. A sustained release of gentamicin molecules from nanoparticles was observed. Furthermore, when we tested the effect of G-GNPs on mouse myoblast C2C12 cell line, G-GNPs exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Consequently, the developed G-GNPs can be considered as safe based on minimal cytotoxicity of G-GNPs, and hold a great potential against grampositive, gram-negative and drug resistance bacteria.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-020-01864-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Abhishek Chaudhary [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh 173234, India
Keywords Gentamicin Gold nanoparticles Antibacterial effect Drug release Cytotoxicity
Introduction Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms is one of the potential threats to modern medicine that must be addressed to benefit mankind globally. Advance resistance
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mechanisms such as enzymatic modifications, decreased cell permeability, target protection, target overproduction, altered target site/enzyme, and increased efflux due to over-expression of efflux pumps, etc. are coming out and spreading extensively [1, 2]. Due to the antimicrobial resistance the treatable microbial infections such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, food-borne diseases, etc. are becoming difficult or sometimes impossible to cure [3]. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates the mortality of 23,000 people per annum in the United States only due to antibiotic-resistant organisms. Moreover, antibiotic resistance is estimated to cause around 300 million premature deaths by 2050, with a loss of
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