One-Step Synthesis of Stable Gold Nanoparticles on Eco-friendly Ionic Liquid
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One-Step Synthesis of Stable Gold Nanoparticles on Eco-friendly Ionic Liquid Anantha P1, Xiu Wang1 and C.C. Wong1 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore - 639798 ABSTRACT Metallic nanoparticles are often obtained by chemical decomposition or reactive techniques involving the extensive usage of harmful reducing or stabilizing agents. A facile green synthesis technique resulting in readily exploitable nanoparticle dispersion in ionic liquid without the use of any additional agents is reported here. 1-Propyl- 3- Methyl Imidazolium Iodide (PMIM(I)) is a non-volatile, thermally stable and non-toxic ionic liquid. This eco-friendly liquid is used as the substrate for thermal evaporation of gold to obtain stable gold nanoparticles. On being examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy the high monodispersity in their sizes was revealed. The byproduct free, ‘clean’ processing technique helps in obtaining un-contaminated particles. The thermal evaporation method used (for the generation of metallic vapor) plays a significant role in the difference in kinetics of the formation and growth of nanoparticles, unlike the widely reported sputtering technique for vapor generation. The formed particles are deposited only on the top surface of the liquid. Thus the nucleation and growth of the particles can be considered to have occurred by surface diffusion process only. A deeper investigation into the formation kinetics has the potential application for synthesizing other nanomaterials via this environmental friendly approach. INTRODUCTION Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by vapor deposition techniques onto Ionic Liquids (ILs) has been explored [1, 2] for a variety of applications [3]. The ease with which ILs can be put to use at low vacuum conditions due to their low vapor pressures makes them appropriate for use in vapor deposition techniques. IL bulk properties such as viscosity, surface tension and chemical composition can also be varied easily. This helps in the synthesis of a variety of nanoparticles with different surface characteristics. Although this technique is gaining popularity, it has not been successfully incorporated for industrial applications. Here we report an efficient method of synthesis of monodispersed gold nanoparticles by thermal evaporation of gold vapor deposition onto 1-Propyl- 3- Methyl Imidazolium Iodide (PMIM(I)) ionic liquid. Although there is a lot reported on the synthesis of metallic [4] and bimetallic [5] nanoparticles on a variety of ionic liquids, the particle yield is not efficient. But here an efficient synthesis technique introducing the deposition of gold on PMIM(I) ionic liquid by thermal evaporation is reported. It is a clean method to obtain particles with high monodispersity as PMIM(I) is an environmentally friendly and non toxic ionic liquid. The higher yield of these highly monodispersed particles obtained from this method have the potential to be utilized for a larger variety of applications.
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