Ontogenetic patterns in the calcification and element incorporation in fin rays of age-0 White Sturgeon
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Ontogenetic patterns in the calcification and element incorporation in fin rays of age-0 White Sturgeon Jamie K. Sweeney & Malte Willmes & Kirsten Sellheim & Levi S. Lewis & James A. Hobbs & Nann A. Fangue & Joseph E. Merz
Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are a long-lived, slow-growing, and late-reproducing anadromous fish common in estuaries and coastal habitats along the North American West Coast. These life history characteristics make populations vulnerable to human impacts and a challenge to study and manage. Previous studies in the San Francisco Estuary, California have provided insights into rearing habitats and migratory patterns but are limited in spatial and temporal scope. Fin ray geochemical analysis can provide a non-lethal approach to reconstruct migratory patterns and environmental conditions experienced throughout an individual fish’s lifespan. However, it is not known how soon post hatch age-0 White Sturgeon fin rays begin to calcify, reducing confidence in early life history temporal resolution using geochemical approaches. We used osteological (clear and stain) and geochemical Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-01031-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
techniques (laser-ablation-ICP-MS) to describe calcification initiation and completion, and element incorporation in the leading fin ray of known-age White Sturgeon reared at constant water temperature (18.6 °C) from 1 to 76 days post hatch (dph). We found that fin rays begin calcifying as early as ~20 dph (~27 mm total length) and are >95% calcified by ~72 dph (~70 mm total length). Consequently, the first ~20 dph are not likely to be recorded in the fin ray. Observed element (Li, Mg, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, U) incorporation patterns suggest that fin rays can provide a powerful tool to study White Sturgeon early movement and migratory patterns, habitat use, and environmental exposure. Keywords Acipenser transmontanus . Fin ray . Microchemistry . Laser-ablation . Early development . Rearing
Introduction
(*) : M. Willmes : L. S. Lewis :
J. K. Sweeney J. A. Hobbs : N. A. Fangue Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. K. Sweeney : K. Sellheim : J. E. Merz Cramer Fish Sciences, West Sacramento, CA, USA M. Willmes Institute of Marine Sciences/NOAA Fisheries Collaborative Program, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus, Richardson) are the largest anadromous fish found in North America, inhabiting coastal waters and estuaries ranging from Ensenada, Mexico to north of the Gulf of Alaska (Kohlhorst and Cech 2001; Moyle 2002). Even with their wide distribution along the coastline of the NorthEast Pacific Ocean, spawning populations have only been documented in large rivers from San Fran
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