Open Learning and Teaching in Educational Communities 9th European C

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2014, held in Graz, Austria, in September 2014. The 27 full papers and 18 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected fro

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Christoph Rensing Sara de Freitas Tobias Ley Pedro J. Muñoz-Merino (Eds.)

Open Learning and Teaching in Educational Communities 9th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2014 Graz, Austria, September 16–19, 2014, Proceedings

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany

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Christoph Rensing Sara de Freitas Tobias Ley Pedro J. Muñoz-Merino (Eds.)

Open Learning and Teaching in Educational Communities 9th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2014 Graz, Austria, September 16-19, 2014 Proceedings

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Volume Editors Christoph Rensing Technische Universität Darmstadt Multimedia Communications Lab. Rundeturmstr. 10, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Sara de Freitas Murdoch University Vice Chancellery, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Tobias Ley Tallinn University Center for Educational Technology Narva Maantee 29, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia E-mail: [email protected] Pedro J. Muñoz-Merino Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Department of Telematic Engineering Avenida Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés (Madrid), Spain E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 e-ISBN 978-3-319-11200-8 ISBN 978-3-319-11199-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-11200-8 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014947383 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 3 – Information Systems and Application, incl. Internet/Web and HCI © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer