Operational experience and performance evaluation of some of the system integrity and protection schemes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Operational experience and performance evaluation of some of the system integrity and protection schemes Makarand Sudhakar Ballal1
· Amit Ramchandra Kulkarni1 · Hiralal Murlidhar Suryawanshi1
Received: 23 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract An Indian power system is characterized by a conglomeration of ultra-high voltage AC and DC, multi-terminal DC, and extrahigh voltage AC transmission networks. It consists of a large distribution network across the country along with conventional generation having Ultra-Mega Power Plants (UMPP) and increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The System Integrity and Protection Schemes (SIPS) play an important role in maintaining a secure and reliable grid and assists in effective grid management during severe power system contingencies. This paper presents the operational experience of some SIPS implemented in India along with their performance evaluations. The operational experience of three important SIPS, one in the Northern Regional (NR) grid and another two in the Western Regional (WR) grid of India are presented. The drawbacks in existing SIPS are pointed out and an algorithm is proposed to overcome these drawbacks. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by simulation studies on the 39-bus New England system embedded with an HVDC link in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results consummated confirm the authenticity of the scheme in preserving system integrity. Results are validated using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP), which is a very powerful design and analysis tool and has an extremely user-friendly interface. Keywords Keywords Operational Experience · Performance Evaluation · System Integrity and Protection Schemes (SIPS) · Power Swing · Distance Relay
1 Introduction Power systems complexity is enhancing due to the incorporation of more sophisticated electronics stationed components at the source side due to the penetration of renewable sources. It is also because of FACTS devices allied on the transmission side, STATCOM, and power electronics load linked on the distribution side. This movement forces the power grid to work more frequently at maximum achievable capacity and neighboring stability margin. If the system is exposed to a disruption under such aggravating circumstances, voltage or frequency anxiety is esteem to appear. Thus, the power grid has to be dependent on a wide area as well as local control approaches and schemes to maintain system stability and reliability [1–3]. A contention at any point in complex power systems can aggravate cascade events if not
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Makarand Sudhakar Ballal [email protected] Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
tackled quickly. Abrupt events, such as fault and disconnection of large load, rattle the balance in the system and cause needless line tripping. Analyses of recent blackouts show that actual data on system conditions can pro
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