Optimally Fabricated Chitosan Particles Containing Ovalbumin Induced Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Immunized Mice
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pISSN 1226-8372 eISSN 1976-3816
RESEARCH PAPER
Optimally Fabricated Chitosan Particles Containing Ovalbumin Induced Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Immunized Mice Seung Hoon Kim, Yeong Chae Ryu, Hui-Min David Wang, and Byeong Hee Hwang
Received: 5 January 2020 / Revised: 8 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 © The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Springer 2020
Abstract Subunit vaccines have been developed as promising vaccines with safety. However, subunit vaccines have difficulties in commercialization due to low efficiencies of delivery and immune response. As a result, studies of adjuvants that improve the immune-inducing ability of vaccines have been conducted globally. Aluminum salts (alum) have been extensively used as vaccine adjuvants, but they cannot induce potent cellular immunity. In this study, chitosan particles were fabricated by the precipitationcoacervation method on four different conditions. Ovalbumin (OVA), as a model antigen, was encapsulated in chitosan particles. The optimized fabrication conditions of chitosan particles were 8 mL/min drop rate of sodium sulfate and 0.5 mg/mL chitosan concentration in a sonication bath. Properties of the optimized chitosan particle were about 300 nm diameter, 0.1 polydispersity index, 16.2 mV zeta potential, and 90% loading efficiency. Chitosan particlecontaining OVA showed 76% uptake efficiency by mouse macrophage cells and suitable cell viability. Immunization of mice by chitosan particles exhibited IgG1 titer and Interleukin-4 production of a similar level with the alum. Moreover, chitosan particles showed significantly enhanced IgG2 titer and Interferon-gamma production related to Th1-mediated cellular immune response. These results Seung Hoon Kim, Yeong Chae Ryu, Byeong Hee Hwang Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea Hui-Min David Wang Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan Byeong Hee Hwang* Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea Tel: +82-32-835-8834; Fax: +82-32-835-2699 E-mail: [email protected]
indicated that chitosan particles could be expected to be a promising adjuvant inducing cellular and humoral immunity for subunit vaccine delivery. Keywords: subunit vaccine, adjuvant, cellular immunity, chitosan particle, delivery
1. Introduction Vaccines are the most cost-effective agent to prevent infectious diseases. Because of adverse effects or low efficacy in an adult of whole antigens vaccine, a subunit vaccine has been actively studied as a promising therapeutic to address issues of occurrence of disease [1,2]. Subunit vaccines consist of fragmented epitopes of pathogen’s surface proteins, which induce an immune response and modulate protective immunity against pathogens [3]. Subunit vaccines have significant advantages of high safety and no requirement of the original antigen. However, they generally have low immunogenicity or low immune response for protective
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