Optimization of anti-solvent engineering toward high performance perovskite solar cells
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Optimization of anti-solvent engineering toward high performance perovskite solar cells Jian Li1,b) , Ruihan Yang1,b), Longcheng Que1,a), Yafei Wang1, Feng Wang1, Jiang Wu2, Shibin Li1 1
State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, and School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China 2 Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E7JE, U.K. a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 27 December 2018; accepted: 20 March 2019
Anti-solvent treatment assisted crystallization is currently one of the most widely used methods to obtain highquality perovskite films ascribed to its great operability. However, choosing a proper anti-solvent toward highquality perovskite film for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains elusive. In this study, we qualitatively evaluate the impact of anti-solvent treatment on the grain growth and phase composition of perovskite by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and UV-vis absorption measurement, etc. The results demonstrate that the chemical groups in anti-solvents also affect the formation of perovskites, and anti-solvents with a low boiling point and good polarity contribute to the superior efficiency and reproducibility of PSCs. The device prepared using ether as an anti-solvent exhibits the best power conversion efficiency of 18.47%. The results indicate a new path toward selecting an ideal anti-solvent to improve the performance of PSCs.
Introduction According to the European Joint Research Center, by 2100, the proportion of renewable energy in the total energy demand will be as high as 86%. Among the renewable energy sources, solar energy accounts for more than 60% of the total energy demand [1]. Recently, organic–inorganic halide perovskites have attracted enormous interest as a new photovoltaic material for solar cells. Since perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on CH3NH3PbI3 were first reported with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.8% in 2009, the current PCE of PSCs has exceeded 22.1% [2, 3, 4]. Besides the high efficiency, lowtemperature solution-based fabrication routes provide an abroad prospect for flexible or tandem modules based on nonheat resistant substrates [5, 6, 7]. In order to realize the commercialization of PSCs, enormous efforts have been made to promote the stability of devices and upscaling [8, 9]. The key to improve PCE of PSCs lies in the optimization of the perovskite layer morphology. Optoelectronic properties of perovskite such as light absorption, charge carrier diffusion
ª Materials Research Society 2019
length, charge transport, and recombination are directly dependent on film morphology [10, 11, 12, 13]. And as
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