Physicochemical approaches for optimization of perovskite solar cell performance
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Full Articles Physicochemical approaches for optimization of perovskite solar cell performance* A. B. Nikolskaia, M. F. Vildanova, S. S. Kozlov, and O. I. Shevaleevskiy N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 ul. Kosygina, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation. E-mail: [email protected] Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with photovoltaic parameters improved using a number of physicochemical approaches for optimization of structure and properties of their components were fabricated and studied under both standard illumination conditions AM1.5G and reduced illumination intensity. Photoelectrodes based on mesoscopic TiO2 layers with different content of anatase and rutile particles were constructed, as well as the perovskite material and the TiO2—perovskite interface were modified. As a result, the optimized PSCs had increased stability in a humid atmosphere and showed high efficiencies (10—14%) in a wide range of illumination intensities of 10—1000 W m–2. Key words: perovskite solar cells, semiconductors, doping, defect passivation, photovoltaics.
In the last decade, numerous studies in the field of solar photovoltaics are directed onto the development and improvement of characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), in which hybrid organo-inorganic compounds of the AMX3 type, where A is MeNH3+, HC(NH2)2+; M is Pb2+, Sn2+; X is I–, Br–, Cl–, are used as photosensitive materials.1,2 The process of PSC fabrication looks as follows: an electron transport mesoscopic TiO2 layer, a perovskite layer (MeNH3PbI3), a hole transport layer (Spiro-MeOTAD), and Au conductive contacts are sequentially applied to a glass substrate with a conductive * Based on the materials of the XXI Mendeleev Congress on General and Applied Chemistry (September 9—13, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia).
coating.1,2 To date, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in PSCs has exceeded 23%,3 which corresponds to the performance of traditional elements based on crystalline silicon (c-Si). The principal advantages of PSCs include the low cost of precursors and cheap manufacturing technology.3,4 The main problems of PSCs hindering their large-scale production include low stability under ambient conditions and the absence of mass production technological schemes.5,6 High parameters of lab PSC samples are achieved only when the whole fabrication process is carried out under an inert atmosphere.7 In this regard, a large number of scientific publications are devoted to various methods of stabilization of perovskite structures in PSCs for their assembling under ambient conditions at high
Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1245—1252, July, 2020. 1066-5285/20/6907-1245 © 2020 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
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humidity.8,9 A number of studies have shown10—12 that PSC stability can be improved by doping perovskite material with various metal ions. Important issues should also include the study of t
