Optimization Study on Bioethanol Production from the Fermentation of Oil Palm Trunk Sap as Agricultural Waste
The utilization of oil palm trunk sap as an alternative agricultural waste resource for bioethanol production was investigated. The effects of temperature (25–40 °C), initial pH (3–7), agitation rate (110–250 rpm), and percentage inoculums (5–15 % v/v) on
- PDF / 322,427 Bytes
- 7 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 5 Downloads / 236 Views
Abstract The utilization of oil palm trunk sap as an alternative agricultural waste resource for bioethanol production was investigated. The effects of temperature (25–40 C), initial pH (3–7), agitation rate (110–250 rpm), and percentage inoculums (5–15 % v/v) on bioethanol yield were identified using modified facecentered central composite design (modified CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). All the data were statistically validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the temperature was the most significant factor that influenced the bioethanol yield, followed by the interaction effect of temperature and initial pH, quadratic effect of initial pH, and interaction effects of initial pH and agitation. Using modelling, the maximum bioethanol yield of 0.4926 g g-1 was predicted to be achieved at temperature 31.73 C, initial pH 5.5, and agitation rate 110 rpm. Using these conditions, the final bioethanol yield achieved was in good agreement with the model prediction.
Introduction The oil palm is the major commodity crops in Malaysia and Indonesia. Replantation of oil palm trees every 25–30 years generates large quantities of oil palm trunk (OPT) waste. The outer region of the trunk is rich with vascular bundles, which might be suitable for manufacturing building material, while the inner region is rich with high content of parenchymas in tissue structure (Tomimura 1992). These parenchymas are not suitable to be used as building materials. In order to be utilized for wood-based products, liquid content (sap) in the OPT has to be eliminated. This sap waste can be regarded as an important source for bioethanol production since it A. H. Norhazimah (&) C. K. M. Faizal Biofuel Research Group, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
R. Pogaku et al. (eds.), Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_3, Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
19
20
A. H. Norhazimah and C. K. M. Faizal
contains a lot of readily fermentable sugars and only minimum pretreatment is needed before fermentation. No research has been done to optimize the bioethanol production from the OPT sap using statistical design of experiment (DOE). DOE is a powerful tool that allows the knowledge gain about the process being studied through the iterative process with a minimum number of experiments (Altekar et al. 2006). The conventional method of one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) is often used to optimize a process condition; however, it frequently fails to locate optimal conditions for the process due to its failure to consider the combined effect of the multiple factors involved (Kalil et al. 2000; Coninck et al. 2004). Optimization by applying response surface methodology (RSM) is quicker and can obtain more accurate information about factor effects including magnitude and direction compared to OFAT approach. Statistical analysis of data generated from the
Data Loading...
