Initial Study of Thermophilic Hydrogen Production from Raw Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Mixed Microflora
The screening of cultivation conditions for the highest hydrogen production using mixed microflora was performed in serum bottles. The fermentation conditions were studied for temperature, inoculum size, and initial pH, and it shows the significant effect
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Abstract The screening of cultivation conditions for the highest hydrogen production using mixed microflora was performed in serum bottles. The fermentation conditions were studied for temperature, inoculum size, and initial pH, and it shows the significant effect of these factors in enhancing the biohydrogen production. The optimum condition was found at 60 C with initial pH of 7, and the percentage of inoculum added to POME medium was at 30:70 % (v/v). In the following experiment, batch thermophilic hydrogen fermentation was conducted in 0.5 L medium using the optimum conditions, which were run for 30 h. The highest yield of 4.85 mol H2/mol glucose was achieved when the fermentation was started with 4 g/L initial glucose concentration. Keywords Biohydrogen Mixed microflora
Thermophilic condition
Palm oil mill effluent
Introduction Biological waste and wastewater treatment by anaerobic digestion is an economically and environmentally sustainable technology (Noike and Mizuno 2000) that has grown substantially over the last two decades. The hydrogen production through anaerobic conversion not only produced renewable energy but also provide an efficient system for wastewater treatment. N. Ibrahim L. S. S. Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia J. Md. Jahim (&) Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Baru Bangi 43600 Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
R. Pogaku et al. (eds.), Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_6, Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Palm oil is one of the world’s most rapidly expanding equatorial crops. There is about 1.5 m3 water used to process one tonne of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), and half of this quantity would end up as waste, called palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME poses a great threat to the environment because of its high biological and chemical oxygen demands (Zhang et al. 2008). To date, there have been several studies conducted using POME to produce hydrogen and among them are Atif et al. (2005), O-Thong et al. (2008) and Badiei et al. (2012). The first two groups conducted hydrogen production at 60 C, while the later used mesophilic condition at 37 C. Currently, the thermophilic bacteria are considered to be more promising microorganisms compared to mesophilic ones as they give higher hydrogen production rate and less variety of fermentation end products (O-Thong et al. 2008). Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the best cultural conditions such as temperature, pH, and inoculum size for biohydrogen production from POME under thermophilic condition. Hydrogen fermentation using 0.5-L bioreactor was conducted to study the profile of biogas and hydrogen production.
Methodology Preparation of Seed Sludge Mixed microflora used in this study was collected from the sludge pit at POME Treatment Plant at West Palm Oil Mill, Pulau Car
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