Optimized removal of phosphate and nitrate from aqueous media using zirconium functionalized nanochitosan-graphene oxide
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimized removal of phosphate and nitrate from aqueous media using zirconium functionalized nanochitosangraphene oxide composite Samira Salehi . Mojtaba Hosseinifard
Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The decontamination of excess nutrients by polysaccharide-graphene oxide composites has gained much research attention. However, the usage of synthetic polymers and toxic crosslinking agents affects the environment. This investigation is, therefore, aimed at achieving a simple, effective and nontoxic technique of fabricating nanocomposites by ionotropic gelation of chitosan and tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent. The nanochitosan-graphene oxide composite (NCS@GO) was synthesized and investigated for its potential to remove phosphate (P) and nitrate (N) from aqueous solutions. High and low amounts of zirconium (Zr) were loaded in NCT@GO composite to make it selective for the adsorbate anions. The developed nanocomposites were comparatively explored by N2 isotherms, FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, FESEM, EDS with mapping analysis and water
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03382-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Salehi Environment Research Department, Energy and Environment Research Center, Niroo Research Institute, End of Dadman Blvd, Shahrak-e-Ghods, P.O. Box 14665-517, Tehran, Iran
regain property. Experimental design was conducted by the five-factorial central composite design-as a branch of response surface methodology (RSM). According to the design of RSM, NCS@GO/H-Zr demonstrated an excellent P and N uptake of 172.41 mgP/g and 138.88 mgN/g, reasonable pHcompatibility from 3 to 11, suitable selectivity for both adsorbates among competitor anions, desired recyclability and desorption efficiency for P and N, and retained 76% and 85% for P and N adsorption ability after ten recycles. The removal capacity of P and N anions were also assessed in bi-component systems. Thermodynamic data were considered, in which it was found that the adsorptive removal of the both anions was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The adsorption isotherm of P and N on the surface of the NCS@GO/H-Zr was suitable for the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting the multilayer adsorption. On the basis of kinetic studies, specific rate constants involved in the processes were calculated and the obtained result indicates that the pseudo second order kinetics was found to be a better fit. Real samples analysis indicated that the NCS@GO/H-Zr works well for removal of P and N from contaminated waters. Keywords Phosphate Nitrate Nanocomposite Chitosan Graphene oxide Zirconium
M. Hosseinifard (&) Department of Semiconductors, Materials and Energy Research Center, P.O. Box 31787-316, Karaj, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Introduction Water pollution is a major global environmental problem, which
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