Removal of aqueous carbamazepine using graphene oxide nanoplatelets: process modelling and optimization
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(2020) 30:17
RESEARCH
Sustainable Environment Research
Open Access
Removal of aqueous carbamazepine using graphene oxide nanoplatelets: process modelling and optimization Sandipan Bhattacharya1, Priya Banerjee2, Papita Das1,3* , Avijit Bhowal1,3, Subrata K. Majumdar4 and Pallab Ghosh4
Abstract Unplanned and unmonitored developmental activities have resulted in a rapid emergence of pollutants like pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment. These PPCPs are considered as potential health hazards. A wide variety of physical, biological and chemical processes are presently being investigated for ensuring the efficient removal of such pollutants from effluents. The present study investigates the potential of graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) for removal of a common and extensively used drug, Carbamazepine (CBZ) from aqueous solutions. Batch studies were performed to assess the potential of graphene oxide for adsorption of CBZ under different conditions of initial CBZ concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature and solution pH. Process optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network modelling. Results obtained indicated 99% CBZ removal under optimum solution pH, adsorbent dosage and treatment duration of 6, 1 g Lā 1 and 120 min respectively. Results revealed that CBZ adsorption by GONPs followed Temkin isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. A subsequent reusability study established that the GONPs could be reused for up to 8 times without any loss of adsorption efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded that graphene oxide reported herein has immense potential for adsorption of trace organic pollutants from aqueous phases. Keywords: Emerging pollutants, Graphene oxide, Carbamazepine, Adsorption, Wastewater treatment
Introduction Pharmaceutical wastes present in effluents are rapidly becoming issues of immense concern on a global scale [1]. Wide use and disposal of these products have resulted in a rapid rate of accumulation of the same in adjacent aquatic environments [2, 3]. Carbamazepine (CBZ; C15H12N2O) is one such widely consumed antiepileptic drug which is primarily prescribed as sedative to patients suffering from depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, restless leg syndrome, diabetes insipidus, pain and neurological syndromes [4ā6]. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India 3 School of Advanced Studies in Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Previous studies have reported a global yearly CBZ usage of approximately 1.01 kt. Such substantial usage of CBZ has resulted in its appearance in different sources of water including surface water, ground water, wastewater treatment plants and even drinking water. Therefore, presence of CBZ in different water resources is being considered as an issue of global concern [7ā14]. CBZ reportedly exe
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