Optimum feeding frequency of juvenile largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) reared in in-pond raceway recirculating
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Optimum feeding frequency of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in in-pond raceway recirculating culture system Yuyu Wang & Suming Xie & Zhijuan Nie & Quanjie Li & Yi Sun & Nailin Shao & Jiancao Gao & Jiawen Hu & Pao Xu & Gangchun Xu
Received: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on the growth, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and hepatic growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) gene expression levels of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in an in-pond raceway recirculating culture system (IPRS). Fish (initial body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) were hand-fed with a commercial diet under one of three different feeding frequency treatments (2, 3 or 4 meals/day) for 120 days. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed different feeding frequencies on 30 days and 60 days (P > 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher growth than that fed 4 times/day on 90 days but had higher growth than those fed 3 and 4 times/day on 120 days. No significant differences were found in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities,
Yuyu Wang and Suming Xie contributed equally to this work. Y. Wang : Z. Nie : Q. Li : Y. Sun : N. Shao : J. Gao : J. Hu : P. Xu : G. Xu Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China S. Xie : P. Xu : G. Xu (*) College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China e-mail: [email protected]
total protein (TP), lysozyme and triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content among fish fed different feeding frequency (P > 0.05). Serum glucose (Glu) content and catalase (CAT) activity decreased, while total cholesterol (TC) content increased with increasing feeding frequency. Fish fed 2 times/day had higher hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher IGF-1 gene mRNA expression on 30 days, 60 days and 120 days (P < 0.05), while no significant difference on 90 days. No significant difference was found in GH gene mRNA expression on 30 days and 60 days, while fish fed 4 times/day had lower values than that fed 2 times/day on 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had significantly higher LPL mRNA expression level than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days and 90 days and had significantly higher HL mRNA expression level on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Based on growth, physiology, hepatic gene expression levels, labour costs and intensity, the opt
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