Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters
This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbo
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DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
1. ClM Kramer and lC Duinker, eds: Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural Waters. 1984. ISBN 90-247-2973-4 2. EM Thurman: Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters. 1985. ISBN 90-247-3143-7
Organic geochemistry of natural waters by
E.M. THURMAN United States Geological Survey Denver, Colorado, USA
1985 MARTIN US NIJHOFF IDR W. JUNK PUBLISHERS • • a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER
r.iII
Distributors
jar the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA jar the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LA 1 1RN, UK jar all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-4955
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8752-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-5095-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-5095-5
Copyright
© 1985 by Martinus NijhofflDr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands, and the US Government.
This book is dedicated to Kathy and Rachel. Throughout undergraduate and graduate school, they have supported and encouraged me.
They
have. patiently listened to my constant talk of "the book". Thank you. This book is also dedicated to the scientists of the United States Geological Survey. The Survey has been my second family. support and help.
I appreciate their
Preface This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon.
Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved
organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research
of
organic
compounds,
of
new
methods
of analysis
(such as gas
chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade. This book attempts that task by collating and summarizing data on the amount of natural organic substances in water. dissolv
