Organizational moral learning by spiritual hearts: a synthesis of organizational learning, Islamic and critical realist
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Organizational moral learning by spiritual hearts: a synthesis of organizational learning, Islamic and critical realist perspectives Iznan Tarip 1 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Learning and development are often linked in the organization studies literature. To understand the dynamics of organizational moral development, this paper utilizes the notion of organizational moral learning (OML). It is explored using three perspectives: organizational learning, Islamic and critical realist perspectives. The perspectives are then synthesized together to form a single framework, called the OML by ‘spiritual hearts’ framework. At the centre of the framework is the spiritual heart, the seat of profound understanding and moral consciousness. The heart plays a central role in organizational moral development, especially with regard to its potential to be ‘purified’ and corrupted. Two extreme parameters then are created: on one side is the ‘purified hearts’ with high moral consciousness contributing towards OML, and on the other is the ‘corrupted hearts’ with high immoral consciousness contributing towards organizational immoral learning. Between the two extremes are the ‘diseased hearts’, possessing a mixture of moral and immoral consciousness to various degrees, and have the potentials to contribute to both moral and immoral developments. The paper further suggests strategies to facilitate OML and simultaneously inhibits organizational immoral learning. Keywords Critical realism . Islamic critical realism . Organizational learning .
Organizational moral learning . Organizational moral development
Introduction Developing a more virtuous and socially responsible organization is essential, more so in the wake of a multitude of corruption cases around the globe. These cases range from * Iznan Tarip [email protected]
1
Institute of Policy Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
Tarip I.
organizational violence to corporate scandals and spread beyond the boundary of the organization to cause environmental degradation and community deterioration (e.g. 2010 BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico, 2015 1MBD scandal in Malaysia, and the recent killing of George Floyd in police custody). These dark sides of an organization may originate from “inner darkness,” oftentimes neglected by management and organization researchers due to difficulty in approaching the issue (Linstead et al. 2014). One approach to studying organizational development in the moral dimension is through the lens of ‘organisational moral learning’ (OML). Several authors have created robust frameworks. The earliest is by Reidenbach and Robin (1991), where they argued for the examination of the formal organizational culture to determine the organization’s stage of moral learning: either amoral, legalistic, responsive, emerging ethical, or the ethical organization. Similarly, other authors also highlighted that organizational culture shapes OML (Sridhar a
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