Osteogenic Potential of Decellularized Tooth Matrix
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 4, August, 2020 BIOTECHNOLOGIES
Osteogenic Potential of Decellularized Tooth Matrix
A. A. Ivanov1, A. V. Latyshev1, N. N. Butorina2, E. I. Domoratskaya2, T. I. Danilova1, and O. P. Popova1 Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 169, No. 4, pp. 499-503, April, 2020 Original article submitted July 11, 2019 We studied the possibility of using decellularized tooth matrix as a scaffold to restore bone tissue. It was found that mesenchymal stem cells underwent spontaneous osteogenic differentiation on the decellularized tooth matrix, which makes it possible to use it as a natural allograft in the treatment of resorption of alveolar bone tissue. Key Words: decellularized tooth matrix; mesenchymal stem cells; osteogenic potential The problem of bone regeneration is one of the most urgent areas of modern medicine. A number of diseases such as gum recession, toothless jaw atrophy, post-traumatic and congenital facial deformities, etc. lead to the disability of patients. In this regard, the search for effective ways to combat bone loss remains an urgent problem. The absence of osteoinductive and osteogenic potential of the autologous bone, cadaverous bone, or most synthetic materials stimulates the search and development of new scaffolds [10,11]. A promising therapeutic material is native extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides both structural support and interaction of various factors determining the fate of the cells [4,14]. ECM provides cells with appropriate chemical and mechanical signals to regulate their proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of cells to maintain homeostasis and tissue functions [1]. Each type of tissue has a specialized structure and composition of ECM that modulates cellular responses and promotes cell survival in this tissue. The ECM is a reservoir of growth factors and cytokines. They send signals that regulate cell proliferation and migration, as well as modulate cell differentiation and phenotypic expression. Due to compositional similarities and modulating abilities that promote growth and differentiation of tissues, A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 2N. K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Address for correspondence: butivanov@yandex. ru. A. A. Ivanov 1
tissue-specific ECM is widely used for tissue regeneration, including bone and cartilage engineering [5,8]. According to many researchers, the best scaffold for artificial tissue is ECM of the target tissue in its natural state [7]. In order to process the ECM for the use in regenerative therapy, the excised tissue should first undergo decellularization by treatment with a combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic agents [7]. The decellularization is defined as the effective removal of all cellular and nuclear contents without negative changes in the ECM composition [11]. Preserved nanostru
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