Overexpression of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 is associated with advanced grades of bladder cancer
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Overexpression of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 is associated with advanced grades of bladder cancer Hadi Ghasemi1 · Mohammad Amin Amini1 · Atefeh Pegah1 · Ebrahim Azizi2 · Heidar Tayebinia1 · Shima Khanverdilou1 · Seyed Habibollah Mousavibahar4 · Aida Alizamir3 Received: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Reactive Oxygen Species Modulator 1 (ROMO1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitochondrial structure integrity, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased ROMO1 expression was reported in various cancer cell lines; however, the possible association between ROMO1 expression and bladder cancer was not well studied. The present study aimed to investigate the rate of ROMO1 expression and the correlation of oxidative stress with the development of bladder cancer. In this study, a total of 35 cancerous and healthy adjacent tissues were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to analyze the gene expression of ROMO1. Also, we evaluated the serum level of ROMO1 and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), as well as Total Oxidant Status (TOS) in patients with bladder cancer along with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. The ROMO1 gene was significantly higher in cancerous tissues than that of adjacent healthy tissues. Also, the serum levels of ROMO1, TAC, TOS, and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) were increased in patients with bladder cancer compared with healthy subjects. It can be concluded that the overexpression of the ROMO1 gene is associated with advanced grades of bladder cancer as well as an increase in oxidative stress conditions. Our findings also suggest that the serum level of ROMO1 might be a promising tumor marker for bladder cancer. Keywords ROMO1 · Bladder cancer · Gene expression · Tumor marker · Oxidative stress
Introduction Bladder Cancer is a common name for urothelial cell carcinoma (the lining of the urinary tract from the pelvis to the urethra), and it is the most common malignancies of the urinary tract [1, 2]. In 2015, the prevalence of this cancer Hadi Ghasemi and Mohammad Amin Amini contributed equally to this manuscript. * Aida Alizamir [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2
Department of Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan, Iran
3
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
in the United States was reported to be 74,000, of which approximately 16,000 were fatal [3]. According to epidemiological studies, more than 90% of bladder cancer cases diagnosed in North America and Europe are categorized as urothelial carcinoma. Bladder cancer is mainly classified into non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) [4]. NMIBC, a
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