Overview of Diagnostics and Monitoring Methods and Techniques
In this chapter, a brief and fundamental overview of the various diagnostics and monitoring methods and techniques is given. These are basically nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods including ultrasonic, Barkhausen emission, eddy current (EC), positron
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Overview of Diagnostics and Monitoring Methods and Techniques Baldev Raj and B. Venkatraman
In this chapter, a brief and fundamental overview of the various diagnostics and monitoring methods and techniques is given. These are basically nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods including ultrasonic, Barkhausen emission, eddy current (EC), positron annihilation, thermal imaging, acoustic emission, shearography, and so on. The techniques are described to bring out the developmental efforts being made in employing them towards assessment of fabrication quality and for detection of early damage through alterations in microstructures and residual stresses leading to premature failures. This chapter overview presents the physical principles of these methods and discusses their strengths, limitations, and failure detection capabilities. This is the background for the application of the various individual methods to technical diagnostics and structural health monitoring presented in the subsequent chapters of this handbook.
B. Raj (&) President, INAE, 6th floor, Vishwakarma Bhawan, Shaheed Jeet, Singh Marg, New Delhi 110016, India e-mail: [email protected] B. Venkatraman Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected]
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Scope of Diagnostics and Monitoring Methods and Techniques
In this era of globalization and liberalization, quality is the watchword and password for success. Quality can best be achieved by the judicious application of nondestructive test techniques and evaluation of results in synergy with design, manufacturing, material performance, maintenance, and plant engineering disciplines. Quality assurance during fabrication, heat treatment, preservice, and in-service assessment using nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are essential for safe, reliable, and long-term performance of components and structures. Performance of industrial components, structures, and plants depend on their fabrication quality, operating conditions vis-a-vis design parameters, knowledge of short-term and long-term stability of microstructures and variations between designstipulated and actual service conditions, feedback from plant performance, failure analysis, and so on. Stringent quality management during fabrication and in-service performance assessment through NDT and evaluation techniques ensures avoidance of premature and/or catastrophic failures and unanticipated shutdown of plants. NDT, as the name implies, refers to the science and technology of assessing the soundness and acceptability of process, products, assembling, machine, structure, or plant in a noninvasive way without impairing performance and
H. Czichos (ed.), Handbook of Technical Diagnostics, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25850-3_4, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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B. Raj and B. Venkatraman
serviceability. The techniques in general, involve imparting energy or stimuli to the material. The material’s response is analyzed using a suitable sensor without impairing its functionality
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