Oxygen Vacancy-Enriched FeO x Nanoparticle Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Oxygen Vacancy‑Enriched FeOx Nanoparticle Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Luyu Ji1 · Xiangfeng Peng1 · Zhao Wang1 Received: 30 April 2020 / Revised: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 © Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract FeOx electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction were prepared via one-step synthesis using electron impact with cold plasma as the electron source. Given the low operation temperature, F eOx by plasma technology showed a smaller particle size than that prepared via conventional calcination. Notably, electron impact produced more oxygen vacancies and a larger surface area on FeOx, which increased active sites and electronic conductivity, than plasma. Electrochemical investigations indicated that F eOx prepared by plasma exhibited remarkable oxygen reduction reaction activity toward the four-electron electrochemical reduction of oxygen. The results demonstrated that this facile fabrication method is a promising route for developing cost-effective and high-performance catalysts to be used in electrochemical applications. Keywords FeOx · Cold plasma · Defect · Electrochemical properties · Oxygen vacancy · Oxygen reduction reaction
Introduction The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is the cathode reaction in fuel cells and metal–air batteries, has great potential to address the global energy crisis. However, catalysts are essential to accelerate the slow reaction kinetics of the ORR [1–3]. Although noble metal-based electrocatalysts, such as Pt/C, have largely enhanced the efficiency of electron transfer via an ideal ORR process, the crossover effects, CO poisoning, unsatisfactory stability, and high cost of noble metal restrict the large-scale application [4–7]. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for sustainable non-Pt materials as electrocatalysts for the ORR [8]. As an alternative strategy, the use of Earth-abundant and economical transition metal oxides to prepare ORR electrocatalysts has attracted widespread attention [9]. Fe-based catalysts have recently attracted widespread attention due to the Earth’s abundant iron resources [10, 11]. FeOx has Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-020-00258-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Zhao Wang [email protected] 1
National Engineering Research Center of Industry Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
been proposed to be a promising alternative to Pt-based catalysts because of its variable valence state and stability under alkaline and oxidizing conditions [12]. The electrocatalytic activity of iron oxide is mainly determined by its surface area and valence state [12]. The exposure of additional active sites of catalysts is important because the ORR occurs on the interface of catalysts [13]. Therefore, reasonable design and preparation of the spec
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