Paleopedology and magnetic properties of Sari loess-paleosol sequence in Caspian lowland, northern Iran
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http://jms.imde.ac.cn https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5446-3
Paleopedology and magnetic properties of Sari loesspaleosol sequence in Caspian lowland, northern Iran Hamed NAJAFI1
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-5337;
Alireza KARIMI1*
e-mail: [email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-3952; e-mail: [email protected]
Gholam Hosain HAGHNIA1
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1114-5128; e-mail: [email protected]
Farhad KHORMALI2
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-7343; e-mail: [email protected]
Shamsollah AYOUBI3
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4455-3139; e-mail: [email protected]
Hossein TAZIKEH2
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8954-7568; e-mail: [email protected]
*Corresponding author 1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91779-48974 Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 49138-15739 Gorgan, Iran 3 Department of Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111 Isfahan, Iran Citation: Najafi H, Karimi A, Haghnia GH, et al. (2019) Paleopedology and magnetic properties of Sari loess-paleosol sequence in Caspian lowland, northern Iran. Journal of Mountain Science 16(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5446-3
© Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the morphological and magnetic properties of Sari loess-paleosol section in northern Iran for paleopedologic and paleoenvironmental interpretation. The section consisted of a modern soil (MS) and three paleosols (PS1, PS2, PS3) separated by loess layers (LS1, LS2 and LS3). Based on particle size distribution, clay mineralogy, carbonates distribution and size of secondary carbonates, pedogenic development of the soils was in order of PS3>PS2>PS1=MS. Presence of redoximorphic features in PS3 was attributed to alternate stagnic saturation due to local water or high precipitation. Dominance of smectite and vermiculite as well as large carbonated dolls in PS3 indicated suitable environment and sufficient time for pedogenic development. Magnetic properties (χlf and χfd%) were distinctly higher in MS, PS1 and PS2 when compared to loess layers. The Lowest magnetic properties values were observed in PS3 which can be the result of Received: 05-Mar-2019 Revised: 11-Apr-2019 Accepted: 07-May-2019
ferrimagnetic minerals destruction under hydromorphic conditions. The highest Fed content occurred in PS3, however, low χlf/Fed ratio indicated that majority of the iron minerals in PS3 are not magnetic. In conclusion, the particle size distribution, clay mineralogy and carbonates features were indicative of pedogenesis intensity, whereas, magnetic properties were useful to characterize the pedogenic environment. Keyword: Iranian loess plateau; Magnetic susceptibility; Climate change; Paleopedology
Introduction Loess researches were first started in G
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