Pan-cancer analysis identifies ESM1 as a novel oncogene for esophageal cancer
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Pan‑cancer analysis identifies ESM1 as a novel oncogene for esophageal cancer Yuanbo Cui1 · Wenna Guo1 · Ya Li1 · Jijing Shi2 · Shanshan Ma1 · Fangxia Guan1 Received: 5 August 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 © The Japan Esophageal Society 2020
Abstract Background Recent studies highlight the crucial role of endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) in the development of multiple cancer types. However, its aberrant expression and prognostic value in human pan-cancer have largely not been described. Methods and results In this study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis databases to explore the expression level and prognostic significance of ESM1 in 33 types of human cancer. ESM1 was shown to be over-expressed in 12 cancer types, including BLCA, BRCA, COAD, CHOL, ESCA, HNSC, KIRC, KICH, LIHC, STAD, THCA, and UCEC. The expression of ESM1 was significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients in CESC, ESCA, KIRC, and KIRP. In addition, high ESM1 level indicated poor disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with ACC, ESCA, PRAD, LIHC, KIRP, and UCS. Through comparative analysis, we discovered that ESM1 was dramatically up-regulated in esophageal cancer (ESCA) and associated with worse patient OS and DFS. The elevation of ESM1 in ESCA was confirmed by the datasets from Cancer RNA-Seq Nexus (CRN) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we analyzed the co-expressed genes of ESM1 in ESCA, and found that ESM1 was closely implicated in cell proliferation and migration and the regulation of Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway. Functionally, knockdown of ESM1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration, and decreased the protein level of JAK1. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that ESM1 functions as an oncogene and may be a clinical biomarker and/or therapeutic target in ESCA. Keywords Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 · Pan-cancer · The cancer genome atlas · Esophageal cancer · Janus kinase
Introduction Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is a common malignant tumor of the human digestive system worldwide, and its mortality ranks the sixth among cancer-related deaths [1, 2]. The Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-020-00796-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yuanbo Cui [email protected] * Fangxia Guan [email protected] 1
School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Central Lab of the First People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2
Global Cancer Statistics Report shows that the incidence of ESCA has increased gradually in recent years [1, 3]. More than 570,000 new cases of ESCA occur each year around the world [1, 2]. In Western and Asian countries, the most common clinical histopathological types of ESCA are esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), respectively [4, 5]. Despite advances in clinical
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