Parental mediation of adolescent Internet use: Combining strategies to promote awareness, autonomy and self-regulation i
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Parental mediation of adolescent Internet use: Combining strategies to promote awareness, autonomy and self-regulation in preparing youth for life on the web Nili Steinfeld 1 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The study examines parental mediation strategies of adolescent Internet use and their relation to adolescent age, concerns of online risks, online activities and risky behavior. Prior research on parental mediation is inconclusive about the effectiveness or superiority of any mediation strategy. Additionally, concerns and awareness of risks were not previously studied with respect to mediation strategies. A mixed-method study involved a survey of 357 adolescents ages 12–18 and 156 young adolescents ages 9–11, followed by semi-structured interviews with parents, teachers and adolescents. Various behavioral, attitudinal, perceptual and habitual aspects of adolescent Internet use and types of parental mediation were measured. Results illustrate how parents combine mediation strategies in a variety of formats and contexts. Restrictive mediation correlated with increased adolescent concerns, suggesting an internalization of risks and consequences of Internet use. However, restrictive mediation correlated with decreased Internet activity and increased risks, possibly due to lack of adolescent experience and autonomy in navigating online risks. Conversely, active mediation correlated with increased Internet activity of any sort, which enables experimentation and autonomy in using the Internet, and did not correlate with risk. The study compares mediation strategies with parenting styles and concludes that a balanced combination of restrictive and active mediation, arguably supplies the best grounds for adolescents to develop a strong set of norms and boundaries and be able to self-regulate their own Internet activities. Keywords Adolescents . Internet safety . Internet risks . Education . Parental mediation .
Self-regulation . Autonomy . Monitoring software
* Nili Steinfeld [email protected]
1
Ariel University, 40700 Ariel, Israel
Education and Information Technologies
1 Introduction The Internet offers many advantages to adolescents. Teens use the Internet to develop and maintain relationships (Tzavela et al. 2015), examine and define their identities (Israelashvili and Bukobza 2012), ask embarrassing questions (Valkenburg and Peter 2009), and strengthen social skills (Oeldorf-Hirsch and Sundar 2015). The Internet plays a major role in shaping youth identities, autonomy and relationships outside their families, find and develop unique interests, identify and differentiate themselves in relation to others (Borca et al. 2015). However, there are also diverse types of risks resulting from adolescent use of digital technologies. These include exposure to inappropriate content in the form of abusive, pornographic, and/or violent content (Boyd and Hargittai 2013; Ktoridou et al. 2012). Other risks involve privac
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